KaufmanHH, HarrisJHJr, SpencerJA, KopanískyDR. Danger of traction during radiography for cervical trauma (letter). JAMA1982;247:2369.
5.
BivinsHG, FordS, BezmalinovicZ, PriceHM, WilliamJL. The effect of axial traction during orotracheal intubation of the trauma victim with an unstable cervical spine. Ann Emerg Med1988;17:25–29.
6.
TalucciRC, ShaikhKA, SchwabCW. Rapid sequence induction with oral endotracheal intubation in the multiply injured patient. Am J Surg1987;153:473–477.
SmithRR. Transtracheal ventilation during anesthesia. Anesth Analg1974;53:225–227.
15.
CampbellCT, HarrisRC, ReinesHD, CookMH. A new device for emergency percutaneous transtracheal ventilation in partial and complete airway obstruction. Ann Emerg Med1988;17:927–932.
Don MichaelTA, GordonAS. Esophageal obturator airway: a new adjunct for artificial respiration. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Standards for CPR and ECC. Washington DC: American Heart Association, 1973.
18.
Standards for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiac care (ECC): I-V. JAMA1974;227(Suppl 2):837–868.
19.
SchoffermanJ, O'NeilP, LewisAJ. The esophageal obturator airway: a clinical evaluation. Chest1976;69:67–71.
20.
BrysonT, BenumofJL, WardCF. The esophageal obturator airway: a clinical comparison to ventilation with a mask and oropharyngeal airway. Chest1978;74:537–539.
21.
Don MichaelTA, GordonAS. The esophageal obturator airway: a new device in emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Br Med J1980;281:1531–1534.
22.
MeislinHW. The esophageal obturator airway: a study of respiratory effectiveness. Ann Emerg Med1980;9:54–59.
23.
McCabeCJ, BrownBJ. Esophageal obturator airway, ET tube, and pharyngeal-tracheal lumen airway. Am J Emerg Med1986;4(1):464–471.
24.
BassRR, AllisonEJ, HuntRC. The esophageal obturator airway: a reassessment of its use by paramedics. Ann Emerg Med1982;11:358–360.
25.
SmithPJ, BodaiBI, AubourgR, WardRE. A field evaluation of the esophageal obturator airway. J Trauma1983;23:317–321.
26.
BartlettRL, MartinSD, McMahanJM, SchafermeyerRW, VukichDJ, HornungCA. A comparison of the pharyngeotracheal lumen airway and the endotracheal tube. J Trauma1992;32(3):280–284.
27.
PepePP, CopassML, JoyceTH. Pre-hospital endotracheal intubation: rationale for training emergency medical personnel. Ann Emerg Med1985;14:1085–1092.
28.
DeLeoBC. Endotracheal intubation by rescue squad personnel. Heart Lung1977;6:851–854.
29.
GussDA, PoslusznyM.Paramedic orotracheal intubation: a feasibility study. Am J Emerg Med1984;2:399–401.
30.
PonsPT. Esophageal obturator airway. Emerg Med Clin North Am1988;6(4):693–698.
31.
PlummerAL, GraceyDR. Consensus conference on artificial airways in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest1989;96:178–180.
32.
LewisFR, SchlobohmRM, ThomasAN. Prevention of complication from prolonged tracheal intubation. Am J Surg1978;135:452–457.
33.
WuWH, LimIT, SimpsonFA, TurndorfH.Pressure dynamics of endotracheal and tracheostomy cuffs. Crit Care Med1973;4:197–202.
34.
BernardWN, YostL, JoynesD, . Just seal intracuff pressure during mechanical ventilation (abstract). Anesthesiology1982;57(Suppl):A145.
35.
OffD, BraunSR, TompkinsB, BushG.Efficacy of the minimal leak technique of cuff inflation in maintaining proper intracuff pressures for patients with cuffed artificial airways. Respir Care1983;28:1115–1120.
36.
BadenhorstCH. Changes in tracheal cuff pressure during respiratory support. Crit Care Med1987;15(4):300–302.
37.
DeutschmanCS, WiltonP, SinowJ, DibbellD, KonstantinidesFN, CerraFB. Paranasal sinusitis associated with nasotracheal intubation: a frequently unrecognized and treatable source of sepsis. Crit Care Med1986;14:111–118.
38.
LindenBE, AguilarEA, AllenJJ. Sinusitis in the nasotracheally intubated patient. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1988;114:860–861.
39.
StaufferJL, OlsonDL, PettyTL. Complications of consequence of endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy: a prospective study of 150 critically ill adult patients. Am J Med1981;70:65–76.
40.
HeddinM, ErsozC, DonnellyW.Laryngotracheal damage after prolonged use of orotracheal tubes in adults. JAMA1969;207:703–708.
WhitedRE. A prospective study of laryngotracheal sequelae in long term intubation. Laryngoscope1984;94:367–377.
43.
RodriguezJL, SteinbergSM, LuchettiFA, GibbonsKJ, TaheriPA, FlintLM. Early tracheostomy for primary airway management in the surgical critical care setting. Surgery1990;108:655–659.
44.
MeadeJW. Tracheostomy—its complications and their management. N Engl J Med1961;265:519–523.
45.
StockMC, WoodwardCA, ShapiroBA. Perioperative complications of elective tracheostomy in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med1986;14:861–864.
46.
HeffnerJE, MillerKS, SahnSA. Tracheostomy in the intensive care unit. Part 1 & 2. Chest1986;90:430–436.