Near-Drowning

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Peterson B. Morbidity of childhood near-drowning. Pediatrics 1977;59:364–369.

Modell JH , Graves SA , Ketover A. Clinical course of 91 consecutive near-drowning victims. Chest 1976;70:231–238.

Swan HG , Spafford NR . Body salt and water changes during fresh and seawater drowning. Tex Rep Biol Med 1951;9:356–382.

Nemiroff MJ . Near-drowning. In: Davis JC , Heimbach RD , eds. Weekly update hyperbaric and undersea medicine. Princeton NJ: Biomedia, 1978;1(28):1–6.

Gooden BA . Drowning and the diving reflex in man. Med J Aust 1972;2:583–587.

Collis ML . Survival behaviour in cold water immersion. Proceedings of the Cold Water Symposium. Toronto, Canada: Royal Canadian Life Saving Society, 1976.

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Nemiroff MJ . Prevention of delayed death secondary to near-drowning. U of Mich Med Ctr J 1973;39(1):12–14.

Nemiroff MJ . Submersion hypothermia and acid base balance. In: Laursen G , ed. Human performance in the cold. Fairbanks AK: University of Alaska, 1983.

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Bolte RG . Use of extracorporeal rewarming. JAMA 1988;260:377–379.

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Modell JH , Moya F. Effects of volume of aspirated fluid during chlorinated fresh-water drowning. Anesthesio-logy 1966;27:662–672.

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Karch SB . Pathophysiology of the lung in near drown-ing. Am J Emerg Med 1986;4:4–7.

Modell JH . Blood gas and electrolyte changes in human near-drowning victims. JAMA 1968;203:337–343.

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Samuelson T , Doolittle W , Hayward JS , Mills W , Nemiroff MJ . State of Alaska hypothermia and cold water near drowning guidelines. Anchorage AK: Emergency Medical Services Section, Div of Public Health and Social Services, Juneau AK, 1982.

Heimlich HJ . Subdiaphragmatic pressure to expel water from the lungs of drowning persons. Ann Emerg Med 1981;10:476–480.

American Heart Association Committee on Emergency Cardiac Care. Standards and guidelines for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiac care (ECC). JAMA 1986;255:2929.

Orlowski JP . Vomiting as a complication of the Heim-lich maneuver. JAMA 1987;258:512–513.

Hollingshead F , Anderson M , Hackett P , Huyett PJ , Mills W , Nemiroff MJ , et al. State of Alaska hypo-thermia and cold water near drowning guidelines. Juneau AK: Emergency Medical Services Section, Div of Public Health, Alaska Dept of Health and Social Ser-vices, 1989.

Hayward JS , Collis M , Eckerson D. Thermographic evaluation of relative heat loss areas of man during cold water immersion. Aerospace Med 1973;44:708–711.

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Hunter TB , Whitehouse WM . Fresh-water near-drowning: radiologic aspects. Radiology 1974;112:51–56.

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Harnett RM , Sias FR , Pruitt JR . Resuscitation from hypothermia. U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Trans-portation. DOT-CG-72074-A. Task No. 5:1–57. Clem-son SC: Clemson Univ, 1979.

Schaller MD , Fischer AP , Perret CH . Hyperkalemia: a prognostic factor during acute severe hypothermia. JAMA 1990;264(14):1842–1845.

Steinman AM , Collis ML , Chaney RD . An experimental study of practical rewarming methods. National Assn for Search and Rescue. PO Box 8100, Salt Lake City, Utah. 1976 Sept 9-12.

Bohn DJ , Biggar MD , Smith CR . Influence of hypothermia, barbiturate therapy, and intracranial pressure monitoring on morbidity and mortality after near-drowning. Crit Care Med 1986;14:529–534.

Nussbaum E , Maggi C. Pentobarbital therapy does not improve neurologic outcome in nearly drowned flaccid-comatose children. Pediatrics 1988;81:630–633.

Gonzalez-Rothi RJ . Near drowning: consensus and controversies in pulmonary and cerebral resuscitation. Heart Lung 1987;16:474–482.

Ashwal S , Schneider S , Tomasi L , Thompson J. Prognostic implications of hyperglycemia and reduced cerebral blood flow in childhood near drowning. Neurology 1990;40:820–823.

Fromm RE Jr . Hypercalcemia complicating an industrial near drowning. Ann Emerg Med 1991;201(6):669–671.

Yagil Y. Near drowning in the Dead Sea: electrolyte imbalance and therapeutic implications. Arch Intern Med 1985;145:50.

Pearn JH , De Buse P , Mohay H , Golden M. Sequential intellectual recovery after near-drowning. Med J Aust 1979;1(10):463–464.