Reference Values for Lung Function Tests

Becklake MR . Concepts of normality applied to the measurement of lung function. Am J Med 1986;80:1158–1164.

Glindmeyer HW III . Predictable confusion. J Occup Med 1981;23:845–849.

Quanjer PH , ed. Report of Working Party-European Community for Coal and Steel. Standardized lung function testing: "Standardization of Lung Function Tests." Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1983;19(Suppl 5):7–87.

Crapo RO , Morris AH , Gardner RM . Reference spirometric values using techniques and equipment that meet ATS recommendations. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;123:659–664.

Crapo RO , Lockey J , Aldrich V , Jensen RL , Elliott CG . Normal spirometric values in healthy American Indians. J Occup Med 1988;30:556–560.

Knudson RJ , Lebowitz MD , Holberg CJ , Burrows B. Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;127:725–734.

Miller A , Thornton JC , Warshaw R , Bernstein J , Selikoff IJ , Teirstein AS . Mean and instantaneous expiratory flows, FVC and FEV₁: Prediction equations from a probability sample of Michigan, a large industrial state. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1986;22:589–597.

Paoletti P , Pistelli G , Fazzi P , et al. Reference values for vital capacity and flow-volume curves from a general population study. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1986;22:451–459.

Clausen J , Crapo R , Gardner R. Interlaboratory comparisons of pulmonary function testing (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;129(4, Part 2):A37.

Make B , Miller A , Epler G , Gee JBL . Single breath diffusing capacity in the industrial setting. Chest 1982;82:351–356.

Miller A , Thornton JC , Warshaw R , Anderson H , Teirstein AS , Selikoff IJ . Single breath diffusing capacity in a representative sample of the population of Michigan, a large industrial state. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;127:270–277.

Crapo RO , Forster RE II . Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Clin Chest Med 1989;10:187–198.

Clausen JL , Zarins LP . In: Clausen JL, ed. Pulmonary function testing: Guidelines and controversies. New York: Academic Press, 1982:51–61.

American Thoracic Society. Standardization of spirometry-1987 update. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;136:1285–1298. Published concurrently in Respir Care 1987;32:1039-1060.

American Thoracic Society. Single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (transfer factor): Recommendations for a standard technique. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;136:1299–1307.

Nelson SB . Commercially available spirometers: A performance evaluation. 1987. Master's Thesis, Dept of Medical Informatics, University of Utah.

Eisen EA , Robins JM , Greaves IA , Wegman DH . Selection effects of repeatability criteria applied to lung spirometry. Am J Epidemiol 1984;120:734–742.

Morris AH , Crapo RO . Standardization of computation of single-breath transfer factor. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1985;21:183–189.

Gould BA . Investigations in the military and anthropological statistics of American soldiers. New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1869.

Cotes JE . Lung function: Assessment and application in medicine. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1979:203,329.

Van Ganse W , Billiet L , Ferris BG Jr . Medical criteria for the selection of normal subjects. In: Arcangeli P , Cotes JE , Cournand A , et al, eds. Introduction to the definition of normal values for respiratory function in man. Alghero, Italy: Panminerva Medica, 1969:15–27.

Morris JF , Koski A , Johnson LC . Spirometric standards for healthy nonsmoking adults. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971;103:57–67.

Morris JF , Temple WF , Koski A. Normal values for the ratio of one-second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;108:1000–1003.

Miller A , Thornton JC , Smith H , Morris JF . Spirometric "abnormality" in a normal male reference population: Further analysis of the 1971 Oregon survey. Am J Indust Med 1980;1:55–68.

Dockery DW , Ware JH , Ferris BG Jr , et al. Distribution of forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity in healthy, white, adult never-smokers in six U.S. cities. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;131:511–520.

Grimby G , Soderholm B. Spirometric studies in normal subjects. III. Static lung volumes and maximum voluntary ventilation in adults with a note on physical fitness. Acta Medica Scand 1963;173:199–206.

Boren HG , Kory RC , Syner JC . The Veterans Administration-Army cooperative study of pulmonary function. II. The lung volume and its subdivisions in normal men. Am J Med 1966;41:96–114.

Goldman HI , Becklake MR . Respiratory function tests. Normal values at median altitudes and the prediction of normal results. Am Rev Tuberc Pulm Dis 1969;79:457–467.

Hall AM , Heywood C , Cotes JE . Lung function in healthy British women. Thorax 1979;34:359–365.

Crapo RO , Morris AH , Clayton PD , Nixon CR . Lung volumes in healthy nonsmoking adults. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1982;18:419–425.

Viljanen A , ed. Reference values for spirometric, pulmonary diffusing capacity and body plethysmographic studies. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1982;42(Suppl):5–50.

Burrows B , Kasik JE , Niden AH , Barclay WR . Clinical usefulness of the single-breath pulmonary diffusing capacity test. Am Rev Respir Dis 1961;84:789–806.

Cotes JE , Hall AM . The transfer factor for the lung: Normal values in adults. In: Arcangeli P , Cotes JE , Cournand A , et al, eds. Introduction to the definition of normal values for respiratory function in man. Alghero, Italy: Panminerva Medica, 1969:327–343.

Gaensler EA , Smith AA . Attachment for automated single breath diffusing capacity measurement. Chest 1973;63:136–145.

Crapo RO , Morris AH . Standardized single breath normal values for carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;123:185–189.

Paoletti P , Viegi G , Pistelli G , et al. Reference equations for the single-breath diffusing capacity: A cross-sectional analysis and effect of body size and age. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;132:806–813.

Knudson RJ , Kaltenborn WT , Knudson DE , Burrows B. The single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity: Reference equations derived from a healthy nonsmoking population and effects of hematocrit. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;135:805–811.

DuBois AB , Botelho SY , Comroe JH . A new method for measuring airway resistance in man using a body plethysmograph: Values in normal subjects and in patients with respiratory disease. J Clin Invest 1954;35:327–335.

Briscoe WA , DuBois AB . The relationship between airway resistance, airway conductance, and lung volume in subjects of different age and body size. J Clin Invest 1958;37:1270–1285.

Nadel JA , Comroe JH . Acute effects of inhalation of cigarette smoke on airway conductance. J Appl Physiol 1961;16:713–716.

Pelzer AM , Thomson ML . Effect of age, sex, stature and smoking habits on human airway conductance. J Appl Physiol 1966;21:469–476.

Mitchell M , Watanabe S , Renzetti AD . Evaluation of airway conductance in normal subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1967;96:685–691.

Amrein R , Keller R , Joos H , Herzog H. Valeurs theoriques nouvelles de l'exploration de la fonction ventilatoire du poumon. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1970;6:317–349.