WestJB. Stephen Hales: Neglected respiratory physiologist. J Appl Physiol: Respirat Environ Exercise Physiol1984;57:635–639.
2.
SpriggsEA. The history of spirometry. Br J Dis Chest1978;72:165–180.
3.
PettyTL. John Hutchinson's mysterious machine. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc1986;98:11–20.
4.
SpriggsEA. John Hutchinson, the inventor of the spirometer His north country background, life in London, and scientific achievements. Med Hist1977;21:357–364.
5.
GandeviaB.Dr John Hutchinson: The inventor of the spirometer. Austr Fam Phys1981;10:574–578.
6.
BishopPJ. A bibliography of John Hutchinson. Med Hist1977;21:384–396.
7.
HutchinsonJ.Notes from the Society of Arts. Lancet1844;1:390–391.
8.
HutchinsonJ.Lecture on vital statistics, embracing an account of a new instrument for detecting the presence of disease in the system (Part 1). Lancet1844;1:567–570.
9.
HutchinsonJ.Lecture on vital statistics, embracing an account of a new instrument for detecting the presence of disease in the system (Part 2). Lancet1844;1:594–597.
10.
HutchinsonJ.On the capacity of the lungs, and on the respiratory movements, with the view of establishing a precise and easy method of detecting disease by the spirometer. Lancet1846;1:630–632.
11.
HutchinsonJ.Contributions to vital statistics, obtained by means of a pneumatic apparatus for valuing the respiratory powers with relation to health. J Stat Soc Lond1844;7:193–212.
12.
KannelWB, LewEA, HubertHB, CastelliWP. The value of measuring vital capacity for prognostic purposes. Trans Assoc Life Ins Med Dir Amer1980;64:66–93.
13.
PeabodyFW, WentworthJA. Clinical studies of the respiration. IV. The vital capacity of the lungs and its relation to dyspnea. Arch Intern Med1917;20:443–467.
14.
DreyerG.The normal vital capacity in man and its relation to the size of the body. Lancet1919;2:227–234.
15.
WestHF. Clinical studies on the respiration. VI. A comparison of various standards for the normal vital capacity of the lungs. Arch Intern Med1920;25:306–316.
16.
MyersJA. Studies on the respiratory organs in health and disease. VIII. A method for quickly obtaining the percentage of an individual's theoretical normal vital capacity of the lungs. Am Rev Tuberc1923;7:161–173.
17.
BaldwinED, CournandA, RichardsDW. Pulmonary insufficiency. I. Physiological classification, clinical methods of analysis, standard values in normal subjects. Medicine1948;27:243–278.
18.
BaldwinED, CournandA, RichardsDW. Pulmonary insufficiency. II. A study of thirty-nine cases of pulmonary fibrosis. Medicine1947;28:1–25.
19.
BaldwinED, CournandA, RichardsDW. Pulmonary insufficiency. III. A study of 122 cases of chronic pulmonary emphysema. Medicine1949;28:201–237.
20.
WilsonMG, EdwardsDJ. The vital capacity of the lungs and its relation to exercise tolerance in children with heart disease. Standards for normal vital capacity for children. The lung capacity in certain intrathoracic conditions. AJDC1921;22:443–454.
21.
WilsonMG, EdwardsDJ. Diagnostic value of determining vital capacity of lungs of children. JAMA1922;78:1107–1110.
22.
StewartCA, SheetsOB. The vital capacity of the lungs of children. AJDC1922;24:83–88.
23.
ComroeJH. Hydrogen, balloons, and pressures. Am Rev Respir Dis1976;113:73–76.
24.
LundsgaardC, Van SlykeDD. Studies of lung volume. I. Relation between thorax size and lung volume in normal adults. J Exper Med1918;27:65–90.
25.
MeakinsJC, ChristieRV. Lung volume and its variations. Ann Intern Med1929;3:423–429.
26.
ChristieRV. The lung volume and its subdivisions. I. Methods of measurement. J Clin Invest1932;11:1099–1118.
27.
Standardization of definitions and symbols in respiratory care. Federation Proceedings1950;9:602–605.
28.
BarachAL. Physiological methods in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and emphysema. Ann Intern Med1938;12:454–481.
29.
RichardsDW, BarachAL, CromwellHA. Use of vaporized bronchodilator solutions in asthma and emphysema. Am J Med Sci1940;199:225–232.
30.
HurtadoA, KaltreiderNL. Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. VII. Observations during the acute respiratory distress of bronchial asthma and following the administration of epinephrine. J Clin Invest1934;13:1053–1062.
31.
WeissS, RobbGP, BlumgartHL. The velocity of blood flow in health and disease as measured by the effect of histamine on minute vessels. Am Heart J1929;4:664–691.
32.
WeissS, RobbGP, EllisLB. The systemic effects of histamine in man with special reference to the responses of the cardiovascular system. Arch Intern Med1932;49:360–396.
33.
AlexanderHL, PaddockR.Bronchial asthma: Response to pilocarpine and epinephrine. Arch Intern Med1921;27:184–191.
34.
MollHH. The action of parasympathetic-mimetic drugs in asthma. Q J Med1940;9:229–240.
35.
CurryJJ. The action of histamine on the respiratory tract in normal and asthmatic subjects. J Clin Invest1946;25:785–791.
36.
CurryJJ. The effect of antihistamine substances and other drugs on histamine bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects. J Clin Invest1946;25:792–799.
37.
CurryJJ. Comparative action of acetyl-beta-methyl choline and histamine on the respiratory tract in normals, patients with hay fever, and subjects with bronchial asthma. J Clin Invest1947;26:430–438.
38.
CurryJJ, LowellFC. Measurement of vital capacity in asthmatic subjects receiving histamine and acetyl-beta methylcholine. A clinical study. J Allergy1948;19:9–18.
39.
CournandA, RichardsDW. Pulmonary insufficiency. I. Discussion of a physiological classification and presentation of clinical tests. Am Rev Tuberc1941;44:26–41.
40.
WarringFC. Ventilatory function. Experiences with a simple practical procedure for its evaluation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuberc1945;51:432–454.
41.
GrayJS, BarnumDR, MathesonHW, SpiesSN. Ventilatory function tests. I. Voluntary ventilation capacity. J Clin Invest1950;29:677–681.
42.
FerrisBG, WhittenbergerJL, GallagherJR. Maximum breathing capacity and vital capacity of male children and adolescents. Pediatrics1952;9:659–669.
43.
FerrisBG, SmithCW. Maximal breathing capacity and vital capacity in female children and adolescents. Pediatrics1953;12:341–352.
44.
GrossD.Investigations concerning vital capacity. Am Heart J1943;25:335–343.
45.
GaenslerEA. Ventilatory tests in bronchial asthma. Evaluation of vital capacity and maximal breathing capacity. J Allergy1950;21:232–241.
46.
GaenslerEA. Air velocity index. A numerical expression of the functionally effective portion of ventilation. Am Rev Tuberc1950;62:17–28.
47.
MathesonHW, SpiesSN, GrayJS, BarnumDR. Ventilatory function tests. II. Factors affecting the voluntary ventilation capacity. J Clin Invest1950;29:682–687.
48.
GaenslerEA. Analysis of the ventilatory defect by timed capacity measurements. Am Rev Respir Dis1951;64:256–278.
49.
GaenslerEA. An instrument for dynamic vital capacity measurements. Science1951;114:444–446.
50.
HerschfusJA, BresnickE, SegalMS. Pulmonary function studies in bronchial asthma. I. In the control state. Am J Med1953;14:23–33.
51.
LeuallenEC, FowlerWS. Maximal midexpiratory flow. Am Rev Tuberc1955;72:783–800.
52.
ChurchillED, McNeilD.The reduction in vital capacity following operation. Surg Gynecol Obstet1927;44:483–488.
53.
BeecherHK. The measured effect of laparotomy on the respiration. J Clin Invest1933;12:639–650.
54.
BeecherHK. Effect of laparotomy on lung volume. Demonstration of a new type of pulmonary collapse. J Clin Invest1933;12:651–658.
55.
CurryJJ, AshburnFS. Pulmonary function studies in surgery. Postgrad Med1950;8:220–224.
56.
BirathG, CrafoordC.Function tests in pulmonary surgery. J Thorac Surg1951;22:414–423.
57.
Van SlykeDD, BingerCA. The determination of lung volume without forced breathing. J Exper Med1923;37:457–470.
58.
McMichaelJ.A rapid method of determining lung capacity. Clin Sci1939;4:167–173.
59.
CournandA, DarlingRC, MansfieldJS, RichardsDW. Studies on the intrapulmonary mixture of gases. II. Analysis of the rebreathing method (closed circuit) for measuring residual air. J Clin Invest1940;19:599–608.
60.
LassenHC, CournandA, RichardsDW. Distribution of respiratory gases in closed breathing circuit. I. In normal subjects. J Clin Invest1937;16:1–17.
61.
CournandA, LassenHC, RichardsDW. Distribution of respiratory gases in closed breathing circuit. II. Pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. J Clin Invest1937;16:9–14.
62.
DarlingRC, CournandA, RichardsDW. Studies on the intrapulmonary mixture of gases. III. An open circuit method for measuring residual air. J Clin Invest1940;19:609–618.
63.
CournandA, BaldwinED, DarlingRC, RichardsDW. Studies on intrapulmonary mixture of gases. IV. The significance of the pulmonary emptying rate and simplified open circuit measurement of residual air. J Clin Invest1941;20:681–689.
64.
DarlingRC, CournandA, RichardsDW. Studies on intrapulmonary mixture of gases. V. Forms of inadequate ventilation in normal and emphysematous lungs, analyzed by means of breathing pure oxygen. J Clin Invest1944;23:55–67.
65.
MeneelyGR, KaltreiderNL. The volume of the lung determined by helium dilution. Description of the method and comparison with other procedures. J Clin Invest1949;28:129–139.
66.
GilsonJC, Hugh-JonesP.The measurement of the total lung volume and breathing capacity. Clin Sci1949;7:185–216.
67.
BatesDV, ChristieRV. Intrapulmonary mixing of helium in health and in emphysema. Clin Sci1950;9:17–29.
68.
HickamJB, BlairE, FrayserR.An open-circuit method for measuring functional residual capacity and defective intrapulmonary gas mixing. J Clin Invest1954;33:1277–1286.
69.
ComroeJH. Man-cans. Am Rev Respir Dis1977;116:945–950.
70.
ComroeJH. Man-cans (conclusion). Am Rev Respir Dis1977;116:1091–1099.
71.
HitchcockFA, EdelmannA, SheldenFF, WhitehornWV. The volume and composition of air expelled from the lungs during explosive decompression. Federation Proceedings1946;5:48.
72.
WillmonTL, BehnkeAR. Residual lung volume determinations by the methods of helium substitution and volume expansion. Am J Physiol1948;153:138–142.
73.
DeJoursP, RahnH.Residual volume measurements by the gas expansion method and nitrogen dilution method. J Appl Physiol1953;5:445–448.
74.
DuBoisAB, BotelhoSY, BedellGN, MarshallR, ComroeJH. A rapid plethysmographic method for measuring thoracic gas volume: A comparison with a nitrogen washout method for measuring functional residual capacity in normal subjects. J Clin Invest1956;35:322–326.
75.
DuBoisAB, BotelhoSY, ComroeJH. A new method for measuring airway resistance in man using a body plethysmograph: Values in normal subjects and in patients with respiratory disease. J Clin Invest1956;35:327–335.
76.
ChristieRV, McIntoshCA. The measurement of intrapleural pressure in man and its significance. J Clin Invest1934;13:279–294.
77.
ChristieRV. The elastic properties of the emphysematous lung and their clinical significance. J Clin Invest1934;13:295–321.
78.
ChristieRV, MeakinsJC. The intrapleural pressure in congestive heart failure and its clinical significance. J Clin Invest1934;13:323–345.
79.
DaymanH.Mechanics of airflow in health and in emphysema. J Clin Invest1951;30:1175–1190.
80.
MeltzerSJ. On the respiratory changes of the intrathoracic pressure, measured in the mediastinum posterior. J Physiol1892;13:218–238.
81.
DornhorstAC, LeathartGL. A method of assessing the mechanical properties of lungs and air-passages. Lancet1952;2:109–111.
82.
FryDL, SteadWW, EbertRV, LubinRI, WellsHS. The measurement of intraesophageal pressure and its relationship to intrathoracic pressure. J Lab Clin Med1952;40:664–673.
83.
FryDL, EbertRV, SteadWW, BrownCC. The mechanics of pulmonary ventilation in normal subjects and in patients with emphysema. Am J Med1954;16:80–97.
84.
OtisAB, ProctorDF. Measurement of alveolar pressure in human subjects. Am J Physiol1948;152:106–112.
85.
RahnH, OtisAB, ChadwickLE, FennWO. The pressure-volume diagram of the thorax and lung. Am J Physiol1946;146:161–178.
86.
OtisAB, FennWO, RahnH.Mechanics of breathing in man. J Appl Physiol1950;2:592–607.
87.
FennWO. Mechanics of respiration. Am J Med1951;10:77–90.
88.
ComroeJH. Pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Am Rev Respir Dis1975;111:225–228.
89.
HaldaneJ.The relation of the action of carbonic oxide to oxygen tension. J Physiol1895;18:201–217.
90.
HaldaneJ.The oxygen tension of arterial blood. J Physiol1896;20:497–520.
91.
HaldaneJ, SmithJL. The absorption of oxygen by the lungs. J Physiol1897;22:231–258.
92.
DouglasCG, HaldaneJS. The causes of absorption of oxygen by the lungs. J Physiol1912;44:305–354.
93.
KroghA.On the mechanism of the gas-exchange in the lungs. Skand Arch Physiol1910;23:248–278.
94.
KroghA, KroghM.On the rate of diffusion of carbonic oxide into the lungs of man. Skand Arch Physiol1910;23:236–247.
95.
KroghA.On the mechanism of the gas-exchange in the lungs of the tortoise. Skand Arch Physiol1910;23:200–216.
96.
KroghA, KroghM.On the tensions of gases in the arterial blood. Skand Arch Physiol1910;23:179–192.
97.
KroghA, LindhardJ.Measurements of the blood flow through the lungs of man. Skand Arch Physiol1912;27:100–125.
98.
KroghA, LindhardJ.The volume of the "dead space" in breathing. J Physiol1913;47:30–44.
99.
KroghM.The diffusion of gases through the lungs of man. J Physiol1915;49:271–300.
100.
HartridgeH.Experiments on the oxygen secretion in the lung of man by the carbon monoxide method. J Physiol1912;45:170–181.
101.
ForsterRE, FowlerWS, BatesDV, LingenBV. The absorption of carbon dioxide by the lungs during breathholding. J Clin Invest1954;33:1135–1145.
102.
ForsterRE, CohnJE, BriscoeWA, BlakemoreWS, RileyRL. A modification of the Krogh carbon monoxide breath holding technique for estimating the diffusing capacity of the lung: A comparison with three other methods. J Clin Invest1955;34:1417–1426.
103.
OgilvieCM, ForsterRE, BlakemoreWS, MortonJW. A standardized breath holding technique for the clinical measurement of the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. J Clin Invest1957;36:1–17.
104.
FilleyGF, MacIntoshDJ, WrightGW. Carbon monoxide uptake and pulmonary diffusing capacity in normal subjects at rest and during exercise. J Clin Invest1954;33:530–539.