GregoryG, KittermanJA, PhibbsRH, TooleyWH, HamiltonWK. Treatment of the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome with continuous positive airway pressure. N Engl J Med1971;283:1333–1340.
3.
SullivanCE, IssaFG, Berthon-JonesM, EvesL.Reversal of obstructive sleep apnea by continuous positive pressure applied through the nares. Lancet1981;1:862–865.
4.
SullivanCE, Berthon-JonesM, IssaFG. Remission of severe obesity-hypoventilation syndrome after short-term treatment during sleep with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Am Rev Respir Dis1983;128:177–181.
5.
SullivanCE, IssaFG, Berthon-JonesM, McCauleyVB, CostasLJV. Home treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure applied through a nose-mask. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir1984;20:49–54.
6.
RapoportDM, SorkinB, GaraySM, GoldringRM. Reversal of the "Pickwickian Syndrome" by long-term use of nocturnal nasal-airway pressure. N Engl J Med1982;307:931–933.
7.
SandersMH, MooreSE, EveslageJ.CPAP via nasal mask: A treatment for occlusive sleep apnea. Chest1983;83:144–145.
8.
FrithRW, CantBR. Severe obstructive sleep apnea treated with long term nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Thorax1985;40:45–50.
9.
StrohlKP, RedlineS.Nasal CPAP therapy, upper airway muscle activation, and obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis1986;134:555–558.
10.
MishoeSC. The diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea syndrome. Respir Care1987;32:183–201.
11.
PopperRA, LeidingerMJ, WilliamsAJ. Endoscopic observations of the pharyngeal airway during treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with nasal continuous positive airway pressure—A pneumatic splint. West J Med1986;144:83–85.
Berthon-JonesM, SullivanCE. Time course of change in ventilatory response to CO₂ with long-term CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis1987;135:144–147.
16.
OlsonLG, StrohlKP. Pathophysiology and treatment of central sleep apnea (editorial). Chest1986;90:154–155.
17.
IssaFG, SullivanCE. Reversal of central sleep apnea using nasal CPAP. Chest1986;90:165–171.
18.
SandersMH. Nasal CPAP effect on patterns of sleep apnea. Chest1984;86:839–844.
19.
GuilleminaultC, Nino-MurciaG, HeldtG, BaldwinR, HutchinsonD.Alternative treatment to tracheostomy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure in young children. Pediatrics1986;78:797–802.
20.
RemmersJE, SterlingJA, ThorarinssonB, KunaST. Nasal airway positive pressure in patients with occlusive sleep apnea. Methods and feasibility. Am Rev Respir Dis1984;130:1152–1155.
21.
SleeperGP, StrohlKP, ArmeniMA. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure for at-home treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: A case report. Respir Care1985;30:90–94.
22.
WilhoitSC, BrownED, SurattPM. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with continuous nasal airflow delivered through nasal prongs. Chest1984;85:170–173.
23.
WagnerDR, PollakCP, WeitzmanED. Nocturnal nasal-airway pressure for sleep apnea (letter). N Engl J Med1983;308:461–462.
24.
StaufferJL, FayterN, MacLurgBJ. Conjunctivitis from nasal CPAP apparatus. Chest1984;86:802.
25.
KattwinkelJ.Neonatal apnea: Pathogenesis and therapy. J Pediatr1977;90:342–347.
26.
KattwinkelJ, NearmanHS, FanaroffAA, KatonaPG, KlausMH. Apnea of prematurity: Comparative therapeutic effects of cutaneous stimulation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure. J Pediatr1975;86:588–592.
27.
DurandM, McCannE, BradyJB. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on the ventilatory response to CO₂ in preterm infants. Pediatrics1983;71:634–638.
28.
KraussAN, GoldsteinRF, AlfredoV, FrayerWW, AuldP.Effect of endotracheal continuous positive airway pressure on sensitivity to carbon dioxide and on respiratory timing in preterm infants. Pediatr Pulmonol1986;2:103–107.
29.
MartinRJ, NearmanHS, KatonaPG, KlausMH. The effect of a low continuous positive airway pressure on the reflex control of respiration in the preterm infant. J Pediatr1977;90:976–981.
CampbellAGM, TurnstallME, ShearerAJ. Continuous positive airway pressure in congenital lobar emphysema. Br Med J1977;1:1322.
32.
NeijensHJ, KerrebijnKF, SmalhoutB.Successful treatment with CPAP of two infants with bronchomalacia. Acta Paediatr Scand1978;67:293–296.
33.
KanterRK, PollackMM, WrightWW, GrundfastKM. Treatment of tracheobronchomalacia with continuous positive airway pressure. Anesthesiology1982;57:54–56.
34.
MillerRW, PollackMM, MurphyTM, FinkRJ. Effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of bronchomalacia in infants: A bronchoscopic documentation. Crit Care Med1986;14:125–127.
35.
WisemanNE, DuncanPG, CameronCB. Management of tracheobronchomalacia with continuous positive airway pressure. J Pediatr Surg1985;20:489–493.
36.
PizerBL, FreelandAP, WilkinsonAR. Prolonged positive airway pressure for severe neonatal tracheobronchomalacia. Arch Dis Child1986;61:908–909.
37.
Sinclair-SmithCC, EmeryJL, GadsdonD, DinsdaleF, BaddeleyJ.Cartilage in children's lungs: A quantitative assessment using the right middle lobe. Thorax1976;31:40–43.
38.
SotomayorJL, GodinezRI, BordenS, WilmottRW. Large-airway collapse due to acquired tracheobronchomalacia in infancy. AJDC1986;140:367–371.
39.
FalkM, KelstrupM, AndersenJB, . Improving the ketchup bottle method with positive expiratory pressure: PEP in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Respir Dis1984;65:423–432.
40.
OberwaldnerB, EvansJC, ZachMS. Forced expirations against a variable resistance: A new chest physiotherapy method in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol1986;2:358–367.
41.
TonnesenP, StovringS.Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) as lung physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis: A pilot study. Eur J Respir Dis1984;65:419–422.
HofmeyerJL, WebberBA, HodsonME. Evaluation of positive expiratory pressure as an adjunct to chest physiotherapy in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Thorax1986;41:951–954.
44.
GrothS, StafangerG, DirksenH, AndersenJB, FalkM, KelstrupM.Positive expiratory pressure (PEP-Mask) physiotherapy improves ventilation and reduces volume of trapped gas in cystic fibrosis. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir1985;21:339–343.
45.
AndersenJB, QvistJ, KannT.Recruiting collapsed lung through collateral channels with positive end-expiratory pressure. Scand J Respir Dis1979;60:260–266.
46.
RickstenS, BengtssonA, SoderbergC, ThordenM, QvistH.Effects of periodic positive airway pressure by mask on postoperative pulmonary function. Chest1986;89:774–781.
BarachAL. Therapeutic use of helium. JAMA1936;16:1273–1280.
49.
BarachAL. The use of helium in the treatment of asthma and obstructive lesions of the larynx and trachea. Ann Intern Med1935;9:739–765.
50.
QvistJ, PembertonM, BennikeK.High-level PEEP in severe asthma (letter). N Engl J Med1982;307:1347–1348.
51.
TenaillonA, SalmonaJP, BurdinM.Continuous positive airway pressure in asthma (letter). Am Rev Respir Dis1983;127:658.
52.
ShivaramU, DonathJ, KhanF, WollschlagerC, JulianoJ.Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the treatment of acute bronchial asthma: Clinical study of 20 patients (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis1984;129(4, Part 2):A41.
53.
MartinJG, ShoreS, EngelLA. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on respiratory mechanics and pattern of breathing in induced asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis1982;126:812–817.
54.
WilsonBA, JacksonPJ, EvansJ.Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure breathing on exercise-induced asthma. Int J Sports Medicine1981;2:27–30.
55.
BarachAL, SwensonP.Effect of breathing gases under positive pressure on lumens of small and medium sized bronchi. Arch Intern Med1939;63:946–948.
56.
CarrDT, EssexHE. Certain effects of positive pressure respiration on the circulatory and respiratory systems. Am Heart J1946;31:53–73.
57.
ByrickRJ. Relaxation of tracheomotor tone by PEEP: Influence of hypocapnia and acidemia. Can Anaesth Soc J1985;32:12–19.
58.
BeasleyJM, JonesSEF. Continuous positive airway pressure in bronchiolitis. Br Med J1981;283:1506–1508.
59.
BarachAL. Physiologic advantages of grunting, groaning, and pursed-lip breathing: Adaptive symptoms related to the development of positive pressure breathing. Bull NY Acad Med1973;49:666–673.
60.
BaratG, AsueroMS. Positive end-expiratory pressure: Effect on arterial oxygenation during respiratory failure in chronic obstructive airway disease. Anaesthesia1975;30:183–189.
61.
BarachAL, BickermanHA, RodgersJ.Continuous positive pressure breathing in chronic obstructive lung disease: Effect on minute ventilation and blood gases. Ann Allergy1973;31:72–78.
62.
ShimC, ChunKJ, WilliamsMH, BlaufoxMD. Positional effects on distribution of ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med1986;105:346–350.
63.
MotoyamaEK, HenJ, TamasL, DolanTF. Spirometry with positive airway pressure: A simple method of evaluating obstructive lung disease in children. Am Rev Respir Dis1982;126:766–770.
64.
PepePE, MariniJJ. Occult positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated patients with airflow obstruction: The auto-PEEP effect. Am Rev Respir Dis1982;126:166–170.
65.
BrownDG, PiersonDJ. Auto-PEEP is common in mechanically ventilated patients: A study of incidence, severity, and detection. Respir Care1986;31:1069–1074.
66.
ConoscentiC, MenasheP, ReardonE, . Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on intrinsic PEEP in acute respiratory failure (ARF) (abstract). Chest1986;89:443S.
67.
SmithTC, MariniJJ, LambVJ. The effect of PEEP on auto-PEEP (abstract). Chest1986;89:443S.
68.
MariniJJ. The role of the inspiratory circuit in the work of breathing during mechanical ventilation. Respir Care1987;32:419–430.
69.
SmithTC, MariniJJ, LambVJ. CPAP reduces drive and workload in COPD (abstract). Chest1987;92:66S.
70.
GottfriedS, SimkovitzP, SkabrskisM.Effect of constant positive airway pressure (CPAP) on breathing pattern and respiratory muscle function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (abstract). Chest1987;92:127S.
71.
WycheMQ, TeichnerRL, KallosT, MarshallBE, SmithTC. Effects of continuous positive-pressure breathing on functional residual capacity and arterial oxygenation during intra-abdominal operations: Studies in man during nitrous oxide and d-tubocurarine anesthesia. Anesthesiology1973;38:68–74.
72.
PattonCM, DannemillerFJ, BroennleAM. CPPB during surgical anesthesia: Effect on oxygenation and blood pressure. Anesth Analg (Cleve)1974;53:309–316.
73.
TokicsL, HedenstiernaG, StandbergA, BrismarB, LundquistH.Lung collapse and gas exchange during general anesthesia: Effects of spontaneous breathing, muscle paralysis, and positive end-expiratory pressure. Anesthesiology1987;66:157–167.
74.
YakaitisRW, ThomasJD, MahaffeyJE. Effects of intraoperative PEEP on postoperative arterial oxygenation. Anesth Analg (Cleve)1975;54:427–432.
SchmidtGB, O'NeillWW, KotbK, KwangKH, BennetEJ, BoombeckCT. Continuous positive airway pressure in the prophylaxis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Surg Gynecol Obstet1976;143:613–618.
77.
CarlssonC, SondenB, ThylenU.Can postoperative continuous airway pressure (CPAP) prevent pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery?Intensive Care Med1981;7:225–229.
78.
AnderesC, AnderesU, GasserD, . Postoperative spontaneous breathing with CPAP to normalize late postoperative oxygenation. Intensive Care Med1979;5:15–21.
79.
BrownDR, KaferER, RobersonVO, WilcoxBR, MurrayGF. Improved oxygenation during thoracotomy with selective PEEP to the dependent lung. Anesth Analg (Cleve)1977;56:26–31.
80.
KatzJA, LaverneRG, FairleyHB, ThomasAN. Pulmonary oxygen exchange during endobronchial anesthesia: Effect of tidal volume and PEEP. Anesthesiology1982;56:164–171.
81.
AlferyDD, BenumofJL, TrousdaleFR. Improving oxygenation during one-lung ventilation in dogs: The effects of positive end-expiratory pressure and blood flow restriction to the nonventilated lung. Anesthesiology1981;55:381–386.
82.
CaplanL, TurndorfH, PatelC, RamanathanS, AcinapuraA, ChalonJ.Optimization of arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation. Anesth Analg (Cleve)1980;59:847–851.
83.
BarakaA, MuallemM, BaroodyM, . Optimization of oxygenation by CPAP during one-lung anesthesia using nitrous oxide:oxygen (letter). Anesth Analg (Cleve)1985;64:1036–1037.
84.
ObaraH, TanakaO, HoshinoY, KaetsuH, MaekawaN, IwaiS.One-lung ventilation: The effect of positive end expiratory pressure to the nondependent and dependent lung. Anaesthesia1986;41:1007–1010.
85.
HousmanLB, PromisloffS, McGreevyMJ, GlezenerE, LitchfordB, ColburnL.The routine use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and intermittent mandatory ventilation following open heart surgery (abstract). Chest1977;72:401.
86.
DruggeU, NorlanderO, OlssonP, RadegranK.Positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation following open heart surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand1973;53:81–85.
87.
GoodJT, WolzJF, AndersonJT, DreisinRB, PettyTL. The routine use of positive end-expiratory pressure after open heart surgery. Chest1979;76:397–400.
DobbinsonTL, MillerJR. Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to PEEP in artificially ventilated patients after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Anaesth Intens Care1981;9:307–313.
90.
DownsJB, MitchellLA. Pulmonary effects of ventilatory pattern following cardiopulmonary bypass. Crit Care Med1976;4:295–300.
91.
VuoriA, JalonenJ, LaakonenV.Continuous positive airway pressure during mechanical and spontaneous ventilation: Effects on central hemodynamics and oxygen transport. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand1979;23:453–461.
92.
GregoryGA, EdmundsLH, KittermanJA, PhibbsRH, TooleyWH. Continuous positive airway pressure and pulmonary and circulatory function after cardiac surgery in infants less than three months of age. Anesthesiology1975;43:426–431.
93.
Anjou-LindskogE, BromanL, HolmgrenA.Effects of nitroglycerin on central haemodynamics and VA/Q distribution early after coronary bypass surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand1982;26:489–497.
94.
ColleyPS, CheneyFW, HlastalaMP. Ventilation-perfusion and gas exchange effects of sodium nitroprusside in dogs with normal and edematous lungs. Anesthesiology1979;50:489–495.
95.
HillAB, SykesMK, ReyesA.A hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response in dogs during and after infusion of sodium nitroprusside. Anesthesiology1979;50:484–488.
96.
BenumofJL. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and infusion of sodium nitroprusside (editorial). Anesthesiology1979;50:481–483.
97.
D'OliveiraM, SykesMK, ChakrabartiMK, OrchardC, KeslinJ.Depression of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin. Br J Anaesth1981;53:11–18.
98.
MookherjeeS, FuleihanD, WarnerRA, VardanS, ObeidI.Effects of sublingual nitroglycerin on resting pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics in man. Circulation1978;57:106–110.
99.
HalesCA, WestphalD.Hypoxemia following the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin. Am J Med1978;65:911–918.
100.
KopmanEA, WeygandtGR, BauerS, FergusonTB. Arterial hypoxemia following the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin. Am Heart J1978;96:444–447.
101.
BerthelsenP, St HaxholdtO, HusumB, RasmussenJP. PEEP reverses nitroglycerin-induced hypoxemia following coronary artery bypass surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand1986;30:243–246.
102.
MillerRD. Deep breathing and nitroglycerin-induced hypoxemia. Anesthesiology1981;55:74–76.
103.
IlabacaPA, OchsnerJL, MillsNL. Positive end-expiratory pressure in the management of the patient with a postoperative bleeding heart. Ann Thorac Surg1980;30:281–284.
104.
HoffmanWS, TomaselloDN, MacVaughH.Control of postcardiotomy bleeding with PEEP. Ann Thorac Surg1982;34:71–73.
105.
MurphyDA, FinlaysonDC, CraverJM, . Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on excessive mediastinal bleeding after cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg1983;85:864–869.
106.
ZurickAM, UrzuaJ, GhattasM, CosgroveDM, EstafanousFG, GreenstreetR.Failure of positive end-expiratory pressure to decrease postoperative bleeding after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg1982;34:608–611.
107.
BanasikJL, TylerML. The effect of prophylactic positive end-expiratory pressure on mediastinal bleeding after coronary revascularization surgery. Heart Lung1986;15:43–48.
108.
MillsNL. Postoperative hemorrhage after cardiopulmonary bypass (editorial). Ann Thorac Surg1982;34:607.
109.
AravotDJ, BarakJ, VidneBA. Induction of controlled cardiac tamponade in the management of massive unexplained postcardiotomy bleeding: Case report and review of the literature. J Cardiovasc Surg1986;27:613–617.
110.
WilliamsonDC, ModellJH. Intermittent continuous positive airway pressure by mask: Its use in the treatment of atelectasis. Arch Surg1982;117:970–972.
111.
CovelliHD, WeledBJ, BeekmanJF. Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure administered by face mask. Chest1982;81:147–150.
112.
FowlerAA, ScogginsWG, O'DonohueWJ. Positive end-expiratory pressure in the management of lobar atelectasis. Chest1978;74:497–500.
O'DonohueWJ. National survey of the usage of lung expansion modalities for the prevention and treatment of postoperative atelectasis following abdominal and thoracic surgery. Chest1985;87:76–80.
115.
WilsonRS. Intermittent CPAP to prevent atelectasis in postoperative patients. Respir Care1983;28:71–73.
116.
AndersenJB, OlesenKP, EikardB, JansenE, QvistJ.Periodic continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP, by mask in the treatment of atelectasis: A sequential analysis. Eur J Respir Dis1980;61:20–25.
117.
StockMC, DownsJB, GauerPK, AlsterJM, ImreyPB. Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications with CPAP, incentive spirometry, and conservative therapy. Chest1985;87:151–157.
118.
StockMC, DownsJB, CooperRB, . Comparison of continuous positive airway pressure, incentive spirometry, and conservative therapy after cardiac operations. Crit Care Med1984;12:969–972.
119.
LindnerKH, LotzP, AhnefeldFW. Continuous positive airway pressure effect on functional residual capacity, vital capacity and its subdivisions. Chest1987;92:66–70.
120.
HarrisonVC, de V HesseH, KleinM.The significance of grunting in hyaline membrane disease. Pediatrics1968;41:549–559.
121.
BermanLS, FoxWW, RaphaelyRC, DownesJJ. Optimum levels of CPAP for tracheal extubation of newborn infants. J Pediatr1976;89:109–112.
122.
FoxWW, BermanLS, DinwiddieR, ShafferTH. Tracheal extubation of the neonate at 2 to 3 cm H20 continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics1977;59:257–261.
123.
FeeleyTW, SaumarezR, KlickJM, McNabbTG, SkillmanJJ. Positive end-expiratory pressure in weaning patients from controlled ventilation: A prospective randomized trial. Lancet1975;2:725–728.
124.
VenusB, CopiozoGB, JacobsK.Continuous positive airway pressure: The use of low levels in adult patients with artificial airways. Arch Surg1980;115:824–828.
125.
AnnestSJ, GottliebM, PaloskiWH, . Detrimental effects of removing end-expiratory pressure prior to endotracheal extubation. Ann Surg1980;191:539–545.
126.
QuanSF, FalltrickRT, SchlobohmRM. Extubation from ambient or expiratory positive airway pressure in adults. Anesthesiology1981;55:53–56.
127.
KatzJA, MarksJD. Inspiratory work with and without continuous positive airway pressure in patients with acute respiratory failure. Anesthesiology1985;63:598–607.
128.
JansonBA, PoultonTJ. Does PEEP reduce the incidence of aspiration around endotracheal tubes?Can Anaesth Soc J1986;33:157–161.
129.
BrowningDH, GravesSA. Incidence of aspiration with endotracheal tubes in children. J Pediatr1983;102:582–584.
130.
KlainM, KeszlerH, StoolS.Transtracheal high frequency jet ventilation prevents aspiration. Crit Care Med1983;11:170–172.
131.
HessD, KeeportsR, DidyoungR, HeindelJ, HostetterC.Use of high-frequency jet ventilation to prevent aspiration in a patient with an uncuffed tracheostomy tube. Crit Care Med1984;12:918–919.
132.
PoultonEP, OxonDM. Left-sided heart failure with the pulmonary oedema: Its use with the "pulmonary plus machine". Lancet1936;2:981–983.
133.
BarachAL, MartinJ, EckmanM.Positive pressure respiration and its application to the treatment of acute pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med1938;12:754–794.
134.
PickRA, HandlerJB, FriedmanAS. The cardiovascular effects of positive end-expiratory pressure. Chest1982;82:345–350.
135.
LuceJM. The cardiovascular effects of mechanical ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure. JAMA1984;252:807–811.
136.
Van HookCJ, CarilliAD, HaponikEF. Hemodynamic effects of positive end-expiratory pressure. Am J Med1986;81:307–310.
137.
DhainautJF, DevauxJY, MonsallierJF, BrunetF, VillemantD, HuyghebaertMF. Mechanisms of decreased left ventricular preload during continuous positive pressure ventilation in ARDS. Chest1986;90:74–80.
138.
PotkinRT, HudsonLD, WeaverLJ, TrobaughG.Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on right and left ventricular function in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis1987;135:307–311.
139.
JardinF, FarcotJC, BoisanteL, CurienN, MargairazA, BourdariasJP. Influence of positive end-expiratory pressure on left ventricular performance. N Engl J Med1981;304:387–392.
140.
ChinWDN, CheungHW, DriegerAA, CunninghamDG, SibbaldWJ. Assisted ventilation in patients with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease: The effect on systemic oxygen consumption, oxygen transport, and tissue perfusion. Chest1985;88:503–511.
141.
SturgeonCL, DouglasME, DownsJB, DannemillerFJ. PEEP and CPAP: Cardiopulmonary effects during spontaneous ventilation. Anesth Analg (Cleve)1977;56:633–641.
142.
WeinsteinME, RiceCL, PetersRM, VirgilioRW. Hemodynamic and respiratory response to varying gradients between end-expiratory and end-inspiratory pressures in patients breathing on continuous positive airway pressure. J Trauma1978;18:221–235.
143.
NikkiP, RasanenJ, TahvanainenJ, MakelainenA.Ventilatory pattern in respiratory failure arising from acute myocardial infarction. I. Respiratory and hemodynamic effects of IMV4 vs IPPV12 and PEEPO vs PEEPJO. Crit Care Med1982;10:75–78.
144.
RasanenJ, NikkiP, HeikkilaJ.Acute myocardial infarction complicated by respiratory failure: Effects of mechanical ventilation. Chest1984;85:21–28.
145.
RasanenJ.Conventional and high frequency controlled mechanical ventilation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary edema. Chest1987;91:225–229.
146.
RasanenJ, HeikkilaJ, DownsJ, NikkiP, VaisanenI, VitanenA.Continuous positive airway pressure by face mask in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Am J Cardiol1985;55:296–300.
147.
RasanenJ, VaisanenIT, HeikkilaJ, NikkiP.Acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and respiratory failure: The effects of continuous positive airway pressure. Chest1985;87:158–162.
148.
VaisanenIT, RasanenJ.Continuous positive airway pressure and supplemental oxygen in the treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest1987;92:481–485.
149.
RobothamJL, CherryD, MitznerW, RabsonJL, LixfeldW, Bromberger-BarneaB.A re-evaluation of the hemo-dynamic consequences of intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Crit Care Med1983;11:783–793.
150.
CalvinJE, DriederAA, SibbaldWJ. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) does not depress left ventricular function in patients with pulmonary edema. Am Rev Respir Dis1981;124:121–128.
151.
GraceMP, GreenbaumDM. Cardiac performance in response to PEEP in patients with cardiac dysfunction. Crit Care Med1982;10:358–360.
152.
MathruM, RaoRLK, El-etrAA, PifarreR.Hemodynamic response to changes in ventilatory patterns in patients with normal and poor left ventricular reserve. Crit Care Med1982;10:423–426.
153.
PerelA, WilliamsonDC, ModellJH. Effectiveness of CPAP by mask for pulmonary edema associated with hypercarbia. Intensive Care Med1983;9:17–19.
154.
MathruM, VenusB, SmithRA. All positive airway pressures are not created equal! (editorial)Chest1985;87:137–138.
155.
PinskyMR, SummerWR, WiseRA, PermuttS, Bromberger-BarneaB.Augmentation of cardiac function by elevation of intrathoracic pressure. J Appl Physiol1983;54:950–955.
156.
PinskyMR, MatuschakGM, KlainM.Determinants of cardiac augmentation by elevations in intrathoracic pressure. J Appl Physiol1985;58:1189–1198.
157.
PinskyMR, SummerWR. Cardiac augmentation by phasic high intrathoracic pressure support in man. Chest1983;84:370–375.
158.
PinskyMR, MatuschakGM, BernardiL, KlainM.Hemodynamic effects of cardiac cycle-specific increases in intrathoracic pressure. J Appl Physiol1986;60:604–612.
159.
PinskyMR, MarquexJ, MartinD, KlainM.Ventricular assist by cardiac cycle-specific increases in intrathoracic pressure. Chest1987;91:709–715.
160.
SchoeneRB. High-altitude pulmonary edema: Pathophy-siology and clinical review. Ann Emerg Med1987;16:987–992.
161.
LarsonEB. Positive airway pressure for high-altitude pulmonary edema. Lancet1985;1:371–373.
162.
SchoeneRB, RoachRC, HackettPH, HarrisonG, MillsWJ. High altitude pulmonary edema and exercise at 4,400 meters on Mount McKinley: Effect of expiratory positive airway pressure. Chest1985;87:330–333.
163.
FeldmanKW, HerndonSP. Positive expiratory pressure for the treatment of high altitude pulmonary oedema. Lancet1977;1:1036–1037.
164.
OelzO.High altitude cerebral oedema after positive airway pressure breathing at high altitude. Lancet1983;2:1148.
165.
BabbsCF. New versus old theories of blood flow during CPR. Crit Care Med1980;8:191–195.
166.
RudikoffMT, MaughanWL, EffronM, FreundP, WeisfeldtML. Mechanisms of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation1980;61:345–352.
167.
ChandraN, RudikoffM, WeisfeldtML. Simultaneous chest compression and ventilation at high airway pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Lancet1980;1:175–178.
168.
BabbsCF, VoorheesWD, FitzgeraldKR, HolmesHR, GeddesLA. Influence of interposed ventilation pressure upon artificial cardiac output during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. Crit Care Med1980;8:127–130.
169.
BabbsCF, TackerWA, ParisRL, MurphyRJ, DavisRW. CPR with simultaneous compression and ventilation at high airway pressure in 4 animal models. Crit Care Med1982;10:501–504.
170.
WeisfeldtML, ChandraN, TsitlikJ.Increased intrathoracic pressure—not direct heart compression—causes the rise in intrathoracic vascular pressures during CPR in dogs and pigs. Crit Care Med1981;9:377–378.
171.
BircherN, SafarP.Comparison of standard and "new" closed-chest CPR and open-chest CPR in dogs. Crit Care Med1981;9:384–385.
172.
ReddingJS, HaynesRR, ThomasJD. "Old" and "new" CPR manually performed in dogs. Crit Care Med1981;9:386–387.
173.
RosboroughJP, HausknechtM, NiemannJT, CrileyJM. Cough supported circulation. Crit Care Med1981;9:371–372.
174.
CrileyJM, NiemannJT, RosboroughJP, UngS, SuzikiJ.The heart is a conduit in CPR. Crit Care Med1981;9:373–374.
175.
NiemannJT, RosboroughJ, HausknechtM, BrownD, CrileyJM. Cough-CPR. Documentation of systemic perfusion in man and in an experimental model: A "window" to the mechanism of blood flow in external CPR. Crit Care Med1980;8:141–146.
176.
TaylorGJ, TuckerWM, GreeneHL, RudikoffMT, WeisfeldtML. Importance of prolonged compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in man. N Engl J Med1977;296:1515–1517.
177.
LindnerKH, DickW, LotzP, PfenningerE.Abdominal compression and PEEP respiration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Anaesthesist1984;33:20–30.
178.
HodgkinBC, LambrewCT, LawrenceFH, AngelakosET. Effects of PEEP and of increased frequency of ventilation during CPR. Crit Care Med1980;8:123–126.
179.
AhnefeldFW, DickW, LotzP, . The early use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation in emergency medicine, and some experiments in pigs. Resuscitation1982;11:79–90.
180.
IdoY, GotoH, LavinMJ, RobinsonJD, MangoldJV, ArakawaK.Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on carotid blood flow during closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. Anesth Analg (Cleve)1982;61:557–560.
