The instrumentation used in respiratory care is among the most technologically advanced in medicine. Only advanced imaging techniques rival the technological changes that have occurred in the past decade in respiratory care. As a result, professionals involved in respiratory care have a responsibility to their patients and to themselves to use this new technology safely and effectively. Because there is a growing concern that medical technologies may be inappropriately used, there is an increasing need to make self-assessments of where we are and where the application of new technologies is leading us.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
KesslerDA, PapeSM, SundwallDN. The federal regulation of medical devices. N Engl J Med1987;317:357–366.
2.
GardnerRM. Medical Devices Act and mandatory standards promulgation: What are the implications for respiratory care? (editorial). Respir Care1986;31:881–882.
3.
HutchinsonJ.Capacity of the lungs and on the respiratory functions. J Trans Med Chir Soc, London1846;29:137–252.
4.
GaenslerEA. Analysis of the ventilatory defect by timed vital capacity measurements. Am Rev Tuberc1951;64:256–278.
5.
GaenslerEA. An instrument for dynamic vital capacity measurement. Science1951;114:444–446.
6.
GardnerRM, Chairman. ATS Statement-Snowbird workshop on standardization of spirometry. Am Rev Respir Dis1979;119:831–838.
7.
GardnerRM, HankinsonJL, ClausenJL, CrapoRO, JohnsonRLJr, EplerGR. ATS statement on standardization of spirometry-1987 update. Am Rev Respir Dis1987;136:1285–1298. Published concurrently in Respir Care 1987;32:1039–1060.
8.
GardnerRM, HankinsonJL, WestBJ. Evaluating commercially available spirometers. Am Rev Respir Dis1980;121:73–82.
9.
NelsonSB. Commercially available spirometers: A performance evaluation. Master's thesis, Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah, 1987.
10.
CrapoRO, GardnerRM, ClausenJL, et al. Single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (transfer factor). Recommendations for standard technique. Am Rev Respir Dis1987;136:1299–1307.
11.
GardnerRM, ClausenJL, EplerG, HankinsonJL, PermuttS, PlummerAL. Pulmonary function laboratory personnel qualifications. Am Rev Respir Dis1986;134:623–624.
12.
GardnerRM, ClausenJL, CrapoRO, et al. Quality assurance in pulmonary function laboratories. Am Rev Respir Dis1986;134:626–627.
13.
GardnerRM, ClausenJL, CottonDJ, et al. Computer guidelines for pulmonary laboratories. Am Rev Respir Dis1986;134:628–629.
14.
Rendell-BakerL, HarklenDE. Standards and the flood of medical devices. N Engl J Med1972;287:819–820.
15.
RennelsGD, ShortliffeEH. Advanced computing for medicine. Sci Am1987;257(4):154–161.
16.
GardnerRM. Computerized management of intensive care patients. MD Computing1986;3(1):36–51.
17.
SimborgDW. Local area networks: Why? What? What if?MD Computing1984;1(4):10–20.
18.
GardnerRM. Tomorrow's electronic hospital is here today. IEEE Spectrum, June1984;21:101–103.
19.
BradshawKE, GardnerRM, ClemmerTP, OrmeJFJr, ThomasF, WestBJ. Physician decision-making-Evaluation of data used in a computerized ICU. Intl J Clin Monit & Comp1984;1:81–91.
20.
GardnerRM. Computerized data management and decision-making in critical care. Surg Clin North Am1985;65:1041–1051.
21.
GardnerRM, WestBJ, PryorTA, et al. Computer-based ICU data acquisition as an aid to clinical decision-making. Crit Care Med1982;10:823–830.
22.
GardnerRM, ClemmerTP. Selection and standardization of respiratory monitoring equipment. Respir Care1985;30:560–569.
23.
AndrewsRD, GardnerRM, MetcalfSM, SimmonsD.Computer charting: An evaluation of a respiratory care computer system. Respir Care1985;30:695–707.
24.
YeldermanM, NewW.Evaluation of pulse oximetry. Anesthesiology1983;59:349–352.
25.
SeveringhausJW, AstrupPB. History of blood gas analysis. V. Oxygen measurement. J Clin Monit1986;2:174–189.
26.
SeveringhausJW, AstrupPB. History of blood gas analysis. VI. Oximetry. J Clin Monit1986;2:270–288.
27.
RaemerDB, WarrenDL, MorrisR, PhilipBK, PhilipJH. Hypoxemia during ambulatory gynecologic surgery as evaluated by pulse oximeter. J Clin Monit1987;3:244–248.
28.
GardnerRM. Pulse oximetry: Is it monitoring's "silver bullet?"J Cardiovas Nursing1987;1:79–83.
29.
WhitcherC, ReamAK, ParsonsD, et al. Anesthetic mishaps and the cost of monitoring: Proposed standard for monitoring equipment. J Clin Monit1988;4:5–15.
30.
Offer to develop proposed standards for Class II medical devices: Cooperative agreement: Availability of funds. Federal Register, July 1, 1986;51:23832–23834.
31.
Safety of electromedical devices-Withdrawal of notice of intent to standardize. Federal Register, October 15, 1987;52:38276–38279.
32.
YoungFE (Commissioner of Food and Drugs). FDA policy for regulation of computer products. September 21, 1987.
