Noninvasive Three-Dimensional Medical Imaging: A Bright Future for the Integrative Approach to Cardiopulmonary Physiology

Ritman EL , Robb RA , Harris LD . Imaging physiological functions: Experience with the DSR, Philadelphia: Praeger, 1985.

Robb RA , Hoffman EH , Sinak LJ , Harris LD , Ritman EL . High-speed three-dimensional x-ray computed tomography: The Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor. Proc IEEE 1983;11(3):308–319.

Kinsey JH , Robb RA , Ritman EL , Wood EH . The DSR-A high temporal resolution volumetric roentgenographic CT scanner. Herz 1980;5(3):177–188.

Hoffman EA , Sinak LJ , Robb RA , Ritman EL . Noninvasive quantitative imaging of shape and volume of lungs. J Appl Physiol 1983;54:1414–1421.

Krayer S , Rehder K , Beck KC , Cameron PD , Didier EP , Hoffman EA . Quantification of thoracic volumes by three-dimensional imaging. J Appl Physiol (in press).

Wilson TA , Rehder K , Rodarte JR , Hoffman EA , Ritman EL . Kinematics of rib motion (abstract). Fed Proc 1985;44:839.

Ritman EL , Kinsey JH , Harris LD , Robb RA . Some imaging requirements for quantification of structure and function of the heart. In: Short MD , Pay DA , Leeman S , Harrison RM , editors. Physical techniques in cardiological imaging. Southhampton, England: Adam Hisler Ltd 1982:189–198.

Harris LD . Identification of the optimal orientation of oblique sections through multiple parallel CT images. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1981;5:881–887.

Block M , Liu YH , Harris LD , Robb RA , Ritman EL . Quantitative analysis of a vascular tree model with the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1984;8:390–400.

Block M , Bove AA , Ritman EL . Coronary angiographic examination with the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor. Circulation 1984;70:209–216.

Harris LD , Camp JJ . Display and analysis of tomographic volumetric images utilizing a vari-focal mirror. Proc SPIE 1984;507:38–45.

Iwasaki T , Sinak LJ , Hoffman EA , Robb RA , Harris LD , Bahn RC , Ritman EL . Mass of left ventricular myocardium estimated with Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor. Am J Physiol 1984;15:H138–H142.

Sinak LJ , Hoffman EA , Ritman EL . Subtraction gated computed tomography with the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor: Simultaneous evaluation of left and right heart from single right-sided bolus contrast medium injection. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1984;8:1–9.

Hoffman EA , Ritman EL . Shape and dimension of cardiac chambers: Importance of CT section thickness and orientation. Radiology 1985;155:739–744.

Greenleaf JF , Tu JS , Wood EH . Computer generated three-dimensional oscilloscopic images and associated techniques for display and study of the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow. IEEE Trans Nuclear Sci 1970;NS-17:353–359.

Greenleaf JF , Ritman EL , Coulam CM , Sturm RE , Wood EH . Computer graphic techniques for study of temporal and spatial relationships of multidimensional data derived from biplane roentgen videograms with particular reference to cardioangiography. Comput Biomed Res 1972;5:368–387.

Herman GT , Liu HK . Display of three-dimensional information in computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1977;1:55–160.

Udupa JK . Interactive segmentation and boundary surface formation for 3-D digital images. Comput Graphics Image Proc 1982;18:213–235.

Heffernan PB , Robb RA . A new procedure for combined display of 3-D cardiac anatomic surfaces and regional functions. Proc Comp in Cardiol 1984;84CH2078–4:111–114.

Heffernan PB , Robb RA . A new method for shaded surface display of biological and medical images. IEEE Trans Med Imag 1985;M1-4:26–38.

Heffernan PB , Robb RA . Display and analysis of 4-D medical images. Proc CAR 1985. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1985:583–592.

Chevalier PA , Rodarte JR , Harris LD . Regional lung expansion at total lung capacity in intact vs excised canine lungs. J Appl Physiol 1978;45:363–369.

Hogg JC , Stein L , Martin R , Macklem PT . The interaction of the lung and chest wall in dogs. Respir Physiol 1976;27:207–221.

Behrenbeck T , Kinsey JH , Harris LD , Robb RA , Ritman EL . Three-dimensional spatial, density, and temporal resolution of the dynamic spatial reconstructor. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1982;6:1138–1147.

Hoffman EA . Effect of body orientation on regional lung expansion: A computed tomographic approach. J Appl Physiol 1985;59:468–480.

Ritman EL , Jorgensen SM , Rhyner MH , Roessler RW , Whitlock SV , Kaskey PE . X-ray image chain for a computed tomography approach to intravenous coronary arteriography. Proc CAR 1985. Berlin: Springer Verlag 1985:65–69.

Milic-Emili J , Henderson JAM , Dolovich MB , Trap D , Kaneko K. Regional distribution of inspired gas in the lung. J Appl Physiol 1966;21:749–759.

Wood EH , Nolan AC , Donald DE , Cronin L. Influence of acceleration on pulmonary physiology. Fed Proc 1963;22:1024–1034.

Anthonisen NR , Milic-Emili J. Distribution of pulmonary perfusion in erect man. J Appl Physiol 1966;21:760–766.

Hoffman EA , Behrenbeck T , Chevalier PA , Wood EH . Estimation of regional pleural surface expansile forces in intact dogs. J Appl Physiol 1983;55:935–948.

West PB . Distribution of mechanical stress in the lung, a possible factor in localization of pulmonary disease. Lancet 1971;1:839–841.

Hoffman EA , Ritman EL . Effect of body orientation on regional lung expansion in dog and sloth. J Appl Physiol 1985;59:481–491.

Mead J. Mechanical properties of lungs. Physiol Rev 1961;41:281–330.

Hoffman EA , Ritman EL , Wood EH . Interserosal forces: The pressure environment of the central circulations and nature's internal "G suits" (Part II-The thoracic containers, analysis via the DSR). Physiologist 1983;26:S165–S168.

Williams G , Bydder GM , Kreel J. The validity and use of computed tomography attenuation values. Br Med Bull 1980;36:279–287.

Hoffman EA , Acharya RS , Wollins JA . Computer-aided analysis of regional lung air content using three-dimensional computed tomographic images and multinomial models. Int J Math Model (in press).

Hoffman EA , Ritman EL . Invariant total heart volume in the intact thorax. Am J Physiol 1985;149:H883–H890.

Hoffman EA , Ritman EL . Role of heart cycle and lung expansion on cardiac geometry and myocardial volume (abstract). Fed Proc 1985;44:1379.

Hoffman EA , Ritman EL . Intramyocardial blood volume-Implications for analysis of myocardial characteristics via in vivo imaging of the heart. Henry Goldberg Workshop, New Brunswick NJ, March 31-April 2, 1986. The Hague, The Netherlands: Martin Mijhoff (in press).

Hoffman EA , Ritman EL . Law of constant heart volume disrupted by atrial fibrillation (abstract). Fed Proc 1986;45:776.

Hamilton WF , Rompf JH . Movements of the base of the ventricle and the relative constancy of the cardiac volume. Am J Physiol 1932;102:559–565.

Burnett JC Jr , Kao PC , Hu DC , . Atrial natriuretic peptide elevation in congestive heart failure in the human. Science 1986;231:1145–1147.

Hoffman EA , Heffernan PB . Investigation of the intrathoracic determinants of cardiac geometry aided by an improved interactive approach to the manipulation of surfaces. Proc Nat Comput Graphics Assoc 1986;3:151–161.

Sinak LJ , Hoffman EA , Julsrud PR , . The dynamic spatial reconstructor: Investigating congenital heart disease in four dimensions. Cardiovas Intervent Radiol 1984;7:124–137.

Liu YH , Mair DD , Hagler DJ , Seward JB , Julsrud PR , Ritman EL . Angiography for delineation of systemic to pulmonary shunts in congenital pulmonary atresia-Evaluation with the DSR. Mayo Clin proc (in press).

Sinak LJ , Liu YH , Block M , . Anatomy and function of the heart and intrathoracic vessels in congenital heart disease: Evaluation with the dynamic spatial reconstructor. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5(1):705–765.

Sinak LJ , Hoffman EA , Schwartz RS , . Three-dimensional cardiac anatomy and function in heart disease in adults: Initial results with the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor. Mayo Clin Proc 1985;60:383–392.

Bove AA , Block M , Smith HC , Ritman EL . Evaluation of coronary anatomy using high-speed volumetric computed tomographic scanning. Am J Cardiol 1985;55:582–584.

Schwartz RS , Sinak LJ , Smith HC , Harris LD , Robb RA , Ritman EL . Three-dimensional anatomy and function of left ventricular aneurysm in man. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;1:732.

Schwartz RS , Bove AA , Bahn RC , Ritman EL . A method for quantitative display of three-dimensional regional myocardial function. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1985;M14:208–214.

Kim KH , Hoffman EA , Ritman EL . Needs and requirements for accurate measurement of dynamic 3-D geometry of the in situ heart. 2nd Henry Goldberg Workshop, Simulation and control of the cardiac system, Haifa, Israel, April 1-5, 1985 (in press, Boca Raton FL: CRC Press).

Iwasaki T , Ritman EL . Intramyocardial blood volume dynamics in the cardiac cycle (abstract). Fed Proc 1984;43(3):422.

Liu YH , Hoffman EA , Ritman EL . Measurement of three-dimensional anatomy and function of pulmonary arteries with high-speed x-ray computed tomography. Invest Radiol (in press).

Liu YH , Ritman EL . Branching pattern of pulmonary arterial tree in anesthetized dogs. J Biomed Eng (in press).

Koiwa Y , Bahn RC , Ritman EL . Regional myocardial volume perfused by coronary artery branch-In vivo estimation. Circulation 1986;74:157–163.

Kumar D , Ritman EL . Review of a method for three-dimensional imaging of stomach motility. Automedica (in press).

Seide K , Ritman EL . Three-dimensional dynamic x-ray computed tomography imaging of stomach motility. Am J Physiol: GI & Liver Physiol 1984;247(10):G574–G581.

Robbin ML , An KN , Linscheid RL , Ritman EL . Anatomic and kinematic analysis of the human forearm using high-speed computed tomography. Med Biol Eng Comput 1986;24:164–168.

Iwasaki T , Ritman EL , Fiksen-Olsen MJ , Romero JC , Knox FG . Renal cortical perfusion-Preliminary experience with the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR). Ann Biomed Eng 1985;13:259–271.

Bentley MD , Hoffman EA , Fiksen-Olsen MJ , Ritman EL , Knox FG , Romero JC . Temporal and spatial analysis of blood flow in the renal cortex of dogs using the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR) (abstract). Am Soc Nephrol Meet.

Bentley MD , Hoffman EA , Fiksen-Olsen MJ , Ritman EL , Knox FG , Romero JC . Temporal and spatial analysis of blood flow in the renal cortex of dogs using the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR) (abstract). Kidney Internat 1986;29:380.