LatimerRG, DickmanM, DayWC, GunnML, SchmidtCD. Ventilatory patterns and pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery determined by preoperative and postoperative computerized spirometry and blood gas analy-sis. Am J Surg1971;122:622–632.
2.
AliJ, WeiselRD, LayugAB, KripkeBJ, HechtmanHB. Consequences of postoperative alterations in respiratory me-chanics. Am J Surg1974;128:376–382.
3.
LoganDA, SpenceAA, SmithG.Postoperative pulmonary function. A comparison of ventilation with nitrogen or ni-trous oxide during anaesthesia. Anaesthesia1977;32:3–7.
4.
DrummondGB. Postoperative hypoxemia and oxygen ther-apy. Br J Anaesth1975;47:491–499.
5.
AlexanderJI, SpenceAA, ParikhRK, StuartB.The role of airway closure in postoperative hypoxaemia. Br J Anaesth1973;45:34–40.
6.
SchmidtGB, ParulkarDS, BrennanT, FederJ.EPAP with-out intubation. Crit Care Med1977;5:207–209.
BartlettRH, BrennanML, GazzanigaAB, HansonL.Stud-ies on the pathogenesis and prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. Surg Gynecol Obstet1973;137:925–933.
14.
KatzJA, OzanneGM, ZinnSE, FairleyHB. Time course and mechanisms of lung-volume increase with PEEP in acute pulmonary failure. Anesthesiology1981;54:9–16.
15.
FerrisBGJr, PollardDS. Effect of deep and quiet breathing on pulmonary compliance in man. J Clin Invest1960;39:143–149.
16.
WilliamsJV, TierneyDF, ParkerHR. Surface forces in the lung, atelectasis, and transpulmonary pressure. J Appl Physiol1966;21:819–827.
17.
WyszogrodskiI, Kyei-AboagyeK, TaeuschHWJr, AveryME. Surfactant inactivation by hyperventilation: Conser-vation by end-expiratory pressure. J Appl Physiol1975;38:461–466.
18.
MarshallR, WiddicombeJG. Stress relaxation of the human lung. Clin Sci1961;20:19–31.
19.
KatzJA, ZinnSE, OzanneGM, FairleyHB. Pulmonary, chest wall, and lung-thorax elastances in acute respiratory failure. Chest1981;80:304–311.
20.
SuterPM, FairleyHB, IsenbergMD. The optimum end-expiratory airway pressure in patients with acute pulmonary failure. N Engl J Med1975;292:284–289.
21.
SuterPM, FairleyHB, IsenbergMD. Effect of tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure on compliance during mechanical ventilation. Chest1978;73:158–162.
KumarA, FalkeKJ, GeffinB, . Continuous positive-pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Effects on hemodynamics and lung function. N Engl J Med1970;283:1430–1436.
24.
FalkeKJ, PontoppidanH, KumarA, LeithDE, GeffinB, LaverMB. Ventilation with end-expiratory pressure in acute lung disease. J Clin Invest1972;51:2315–2323.
25.
KanarekDJ, ShannonDC. Adverse effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on pulmonary perfusion and arterial oxy-genation. Am Rev Respir Dis1975;112:457–459.
26.
KvetanV, CarlonGC, HowlandWS. Acute pulmonary failure in asymmetric lung disease: Approach to manage-ment. Crit Care Med1982;10:114–118.
27.
RemolinaC, KahnAU, SantiagoTV, EdelmanNH. Posi-tional hypoxemia in unilateral lung disease. N Engl J Med1981;304:523–525.
28.
SchlobohmRM, FalltrickRT, QuanSF, KatzJA. Lung volumes, mechanics, and oxygenation during spontaneous positive-pressure ventilation: The advantage of CPAP over EPAP. Anesthesiology1981;55:416–422.
29.
SharpJT, JohnsonFN, GoldbergNB, Van LithP.Hysteresis and stress adaptation in the human respiratory system. J Appl Physiol1967;23:487–497.
30.
DouglasME, DownsJB. Cardiopulmonary effects of PEEP and CPAP (special correspondence). Anesth Analg (Cleve)1978;57:346–350.
31.
GheriniS, PetersRM, VirgilioRW. Mechanical work on the lungs and work of breathing with positive end-expiratory pressure and continuous positive airway pressure. Chest1979;76:251–256.
32.
Op't HoltTB, HallMW, BassJB, AllisonRC. Comparison of changes in airway pressure during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) between demand value and continu-ous flow devices. Respir Care1982;27:1200–1209.
33.
GibneyRTN, WilsonRS, PontoppidanH.Comparison of work of breathing on high gas flow and demand valve contin-uous positive airway pressure systems. Chest1982;82:692–695.
34.
GregoryGA, KittermanJA, PhibbsRH, TooleyWH, Ham-iltonWK. Treatment of the idiopathic respiratory-distress syndrome with continuous positive airway pressure. N Engl J Med1971;284:1333–1340.
35.
GargGP, HillGE. The use of spontaneous continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for reduction of intra-pulmonary shunting in adults with acute respiratory failure. Can Anaesth Soc J1975;22:284–290.
36.
VenusB, JacobsHK, LimL.Treatment of the adult respira-tory distress syndrome with continuous positive airway pres-sure. Chest1979;76:257–261.
37.
RinaldoJE, RogersRM. Adult respiratory-distress syn-drome. Changing concepts of lung injury and repair. N Engl J Med1982;306:900–909.
38.
ClarkJM, LambertsenCJ. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity: A review. Pharmacol Rev1971;23:37–133.
39.
WitschiHR, HaschekWM, Klein-SzantoAJP, HakkinenPJ. Potentiation of diffuse lung damage by oxygen: Deter-mining variables. Am Rev Respir Dis1981;123:98–103.
40.
KirbyRR, DownsJB, CivettaJM, . High level positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) in acute respiratory insuffi-ciency. Chest1975;67:156–163.
AnderesC, AnderesU, GasserD, . Postoperative spon-taneous breathing with CPAP to normalize late post-operative oxygenation. Intensive Care Med1979;5:15–21.
59.
CarlssonC, SondénB, ThylénU.Can postoperative contin-uous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prevent pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery?Intensive Care Med1981;7:225–229.
60.
StockMC, DownsJB, GauerPK, CooperRB. Prevention of atelectasis after upper abdominal operations. Anesthe-siology1982;57(3A):A457.
61.
WeismanIM, RinaldoJE, RogersRM. Positive end-ex-piratory pressure in adult respiratory failure. N Engl J Med1982;307:1381–1384.
62.
HensonPM, LarsenGL, WebsterRO, MitchellBC, GoinsAJ, HensonJE. Pulmonary microvascular alterations and injury induced by complement fragments: Synergistic effect of complement activation, neutrophil sequestration, and prostaglandins. Ann NY Acad Sci1982;384:287–300.
63.
LuceJM, HuangTW, RobertsonHT, . The effects of prophylactic expiratory positive airway pressure on the res-olution of oleic acid-induced lung injury in dogs. Ann Surg1983;197:327–336.
64.
HoffmanWS, TomaselloDN, MacVaughH.Control of postcardiotomy bleeding with PEEP. Ann Thorac Surg1982;34:71–73.
65.
ZurickAM, UrzuaJ, GhattasM, CosgroveDM, EstafanousFG, GreenstreetR.Failure of positive end-expiratory pressure to decrease postoperative bleeding after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg1982;34:608–611.
66.
IlabacaPA, OchsnerJL, MillsNL. Positive end-expiratory pressure in the management of the patient with a postoperative bleeding heart. Ann Thorac Surg1980;30:281–284.