CraigDB, WahbaWM, DonHF. Airway closure and lung volumes in surgical positions. Can Anaesth Soc J1971;18:92–99.
3.
AgostoniE, MeadJ.Statics of the respiratory system. In: FennWO, RahnH, eds. Handbook of physiology. Section 3, Vol 1. Washington DC: American Physiological Society, 1964:387–410.
4.
BlairE, HickmanJB. The effect of change in body position on lung volumes and intrapulmonary gas mixing in normal subjects. J Clin Invest1955;34:383–389.
5.
MariniJJ, TylerML, HudsonLD, DavisBS, HusebyJS. Influence of head-dependent positions on lung volume and oxygen saturation in chronic airflow obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis1984;129:101–105.
6.
LeblancP, RuffF, Milic-EmiliJ.Effects of age and body position on "airway closure" in man. J Appl Physiol1970;28:448–451.
7.
CraigDB, WahbaWM, DonHF, CoutureJG, BecklakeMR. "Closing volume" and its relationship to gas exchange in seated and supine positions. J Appl Physiol1971;31:717–721.
8.
DonHF, CraigDB, WahbaWM, CoutureJG. The measure-ment of gas trapped in the lungs at functional residual capacity and the effects of posture. Anesthesiology1971;35:582–590.
9.
Milic-EmiliJ, HendersonJAM, DolovichMB, TropD, KanekoK.Regional distribution of inspired gas in the lung. J Appl Physiol1966;21:749.
10.
TenneySM. Fluid volume redistribution and thoracic vol-ume changes during recumbency. J Appl Physiol1959;14:129–132.
11.
MatalonSV, FarhiLE. Cardiopulmonary readjustment in passive tilt. J Appl Physiol: Respirat Environ Exercise Physiol1979;47:503–507.
12.
DeitrickJE, WhedonGD, ShorrE.Effects of immobiliza-tion upon various metabolic and physiologic functions of normal man. Am J Med1948;4:3–36.
13.
Symposium on the abuse of rest in the treatment of disease before the Section on Experimental Medicine and Therapeu-tics of the AMA, June 15, 1944. JAMA1944;125:1075–1092.
14.
HunterWC. Thrombosis of the deep veins of the leg. Arch Intern Med1941;68:1–17.
15.
LevineSA. Some harmful effects of recumbency in the treatment of heart disease. JAMA1944;126:80–84.
16.
DockW.The undesirable effects of bed rest. Surg Clin North Am1945;25:437–441.
17.
NewburgerB.Early post-operative walking. II. Collective review. Surgery1943;14:142–154.
18.
LeithauserDJ. Confinement to bed for only 24 hours after operation. Arch Surg1943;47:203–215.
19.
PowersJH. The abuse of rest as a therapeutic measure in surgery. JAMA1944;125:1079–1083.
20.
AndrusWD, BarnesWA. A. Pre- and post-operative care of the "poor risk" patient. Surg Clin North Am1945;25:350–360.
21.
CanavarroK.Early post-operative ambulation. Ann Surg1946;124:180–181.
22.
CardusD.Oxygen alveolar-arterial tension differences after ten days recumbency in man. J Appl Physiol1967;23:934–937.
23.
BendixenHH, Hedley-WhyteJ, LaverMB. Improved oxy-genation in surgical patients during general anesthesia with controlled ventilation. N Engl J Med1963;269:991–996.
24.
CaroCG, ButlerJ, DuboisAB. Some effects of restriction of chest cage expansion on pulmonary function in man: An experimental study. J Clin Invest1960;39:573–583.
MesardL, CarmodyA, MannarinoE, RugeD.Survival after spinal cord trauma. Arch Neurol1978;35:78–83.
29.
HeidenJS, WeissMH. Management of cervical spinal cord trauma in Southern California. J Neurosurg1975;43:732–736.
30.
BellamyR, PittsF.Respiratory complications in traumatic quadriplegia. J Neurosurg1973;39:596–600.
31.
GoodJTJr, WolzJF, AndersonJT, DreisinRB, PettyTL. The routine use of positive end-expiratory pressure after open heart surgery. Chest1979;76:397–400.
32.
ZackMB, PontoppidanH, KazemiA.The effect of lateral positions on gas exchange in pulmonary disease: A prospec-tive evaluation. Am Rev Respir Dis1974;110:49–55.
33.
SeatonD, LappNL, MorganKC. Effect of body position on gas exchange after thoracotomy. Thorax1979;34:518–522.
34.
SyracuseDC, HymanAI, KingTC. Postural influences on arterial blood gases in patients with unilateral pulmonary consolidation. Surg Forum1979;30:173–174.
35.
DhainautJ-F, BonsJ, BricardC, MonsallierJ-F. Improved oxygenation in patients with extensive unilateral pneumonia using the lateral decubitus position. Thorax1980;35:792–793.
36.
RemolinaC, KhanAU, SantiagoTV, EdelmanNH. Posi-tional hypoxemia in unilateral lung disease. N Engl J Med1981;304:523–525.
37.
HasanFM, BellerTA, SobonyaRE, HellerN, BrownGW. Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure and body position in unilateral lung injury. J Appl Physiol: Respirat Environ Exercise Physiol1982;52:147–154.
38.
SchimmelL, CivettaJM, KirbyRR. A new mechanical method to influence pulmonary perfusion in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med1977;5:277–279.
39.
FishmanAP. Down with the good lung (editorial). N Engl J Med1981;304:537–538.
40.
HeafDP, HelmsP, GordonI, TurnerHM. Postural effects on gas exchange in infants. N Engl J Med1983;308:1505–1508.
41.
MartinTC. Postural effect on gas exchange in infants (let-ter). N Engl J Med1983;309:1390–1391.
42.
BoyntonB, MerrittTA. Postural effect on gas exchange in infants (letter). N Engl J Med1983;309:1391.
43.
SonnenblickM, MelzerE, RosinAJ. Body positional effect on gas exchange in unilateral pleural effusion. Chest1983;5:784–786.
44.
RindfleischSH, ZwillichCW. The effect of body position on oxygenation in patients with asymmetric pleural effu-sions. Am Rev Respir Dis (in press).
45.
ZidulkaA, BraidyTF, RizziMC, ShinerRJ. Position may stop pneumothorax progression in dogs. Am Rev Respir Dis1982;126:51–53.
46.
FroeseAB, BryanAC. Effects of anesthesia and paralysis on diaphragmatic mechanics in man. Anesthesiology1974;41:242–255.
47.
FordGT, WhitelawWA, RosenalTW, CrusePJ, GuenterCA. Diaphragm function after upper abdominal surgery in humans. Am Rev Respir Dis1983;127:431–436.
48.
RussellWJ. Position of patient and respiratory function in immediate postoperative period. Br Med J1981;283:1079–1080.
49.
CiresiSA, TylerML, PavlinEG. The effects of body posi-tion, age, and site of surgical incision on Pao2 in the imme-diate postoperative period following general anesthesia (ab-stract). Am Rev Respir Dis1981;123(part 2):119.
50.
RabowFI, DwaneP, DonH.The effect of posture on gas exchange following cardiac surgery. Can Anaesth Soc J1972;19:647–650.
51.
SharpJT, DrutzWS, MoisanT, FosterJ, MachnachW.Postural relief of dyspnea in severe chronic obstructive pul-monary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis1980;122:201–211.
52.
O'NeillS, McCarthyDS. Postural relief of dyspnoea in severe chronic airflow limitation: Relationship to respiratory muscle strength. Thorax1983;38:595–600.
53.
PiehlMA, BrownRS. Use of extreme position changes in acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med1976;4:13–14.
54.
DouglasWW, RehderK, BeynenFM, SesslerAD, MarshHM. Improved oxygenation in patients with acute respirato-ry failure: The prone position. Am Rev Respir Dis1977;115:559–566.
55.
ChopraSK, TalpenGV, SimmonsDH, RobinsonGDJr, ElamD, CoulsonA.Effects of hydration and physical therapy on tracheal transport velocity. Am Rev Respir Dis1977;115:1009–1014.
56.
HusebyJS, HudsonLD, StarkK, TylerML. Oxygenation during chest physiotherapy (abstract). Chest1976;70:430.
