HoggJC, MacklemPT, ThurlbeckWM: Site and nature of airway obstruction in chronic obstructive lung disease. N Engl J Med278:1355, 1968.
2.
DespasPJ, LeRouxM, MacklemPT: Site of airway obstruction in asthma as determined by measuring maximal expiratory flow breathing air and a helium-oxygen mixture. J Clin Invest51:3235, 1972.
3.
ReidLM: Pathology of chronic bronchitis. Lancet1:275, 1954.
4.
MatsubaK, ThurlbeckWM: Disease of the small airways in chronic bronchitis. Am Rev Respir Dis107:552, 1973.
5.
KarpickRJ, PrattPC, AsmundssonT, KilburnKH: Pathological findings in respiratory failure: goblet cell metaplasia, alveolar damage and myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med72:189, 1970.
6.
BignonJ, KhouryF, EvenP, AndreJ, BrouetG: Morphometric study in chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis99:669, 1968.
7.
MacklemPT, MeadJ: Resistance of central and peripheral airways measured by a retrograde catheter. J Appl Physiol22:395, 1967.
8.
PedleyTJ, SchroterRC, SudlowMF: The prediction of pressure drop and variation of resistance within the human bronchial airways. Respir Physiol9:387, 1970.
9.
BurgerEJ, MacklemPT: Airway closure; demonstration by breathing 100% O₂ at low lung volumes and by N2 washout. J Appl Physiol25:139, 1968.
10.
BarnettTB: Effects of helium and oxygen mixtures on pulmonary mechanics during airway constriction. J Apply Physiol22:707, 1967.
11.
DosmanJ, BodeF, UrbanettiJ, MartinR, MacklemPT: The use of a helium-oxygen mixture during maximum expiratory flow to demonstrate obstruction in small airways in smokers. J Clin Invest55:1090, 1975.
12.
MacklemPT, ProctorDF, HoggJC: The stability of peripheral airways. Respir Physiol8:191, 1970.
13.
AnthonisenNR, DansonJ, RobertsonPC, RossWRD: Airway closure as a function of age. Respir Physiol8:58, 1969.
14.
McCarthyDS, SpencerR, GreenR, Milic-EmiliJ: Measurement of "closing volume" as a simple and sensitive test for early detection of small airway disease. Am J Med52:747, 1972.
15.
BuistAS, Van FleetDL, RossBB: A comparison of conventional spirometric tests and the test of closing volume in an emphysema screening center. Am Rev Respir Dis107:735, 1973.
16.
BuistAS, RossBB: Quantitative analysis of the alveolar plateau in the diagnosis of early airway obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis108:1078, 1973.
17.
IngramRR, O'CainCF: Frequency dependence of compliance in apparently healthy smokers versus nonsmokers. Lung and airways mechanics in normal man and in chronic lung diseases. Entretiens de Physiopathologie Respiratoire, Nancy 8e Series, Masson et Cie, Paris, PreslinR, Ed, 1971.
18.
McFaddenERJr, LindenDA: A reduction in maximum mid-expiratory flow rate. A spirographic manifestation of small airway disease. Am J Med52:725, 1972.
19.
BodeF, DosmanJ, MartinR, MacklemPT: The reversibility of airway obstruction in smokers. Am J Med59:43, 1975.
20.
EbertRV, TerracioMJ: The bronchiolar epithelium in cigarette smokers. Observations with the scanning electron microscope. Am Rev Respir Dis111:4, 1975.
21.
NiewohnerDE, KleinermanJ, RiceDB: Pathologic changes in the peripheral airways of young cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med291:755, 1974.
22.
GelbAF, ZamelN: Simplified diagnosis of small airway obstruction. N Engl J Med288:395, 1973.