Paradigm shifts are needed to get supports for earth steward development up to scale. Here, four paradigm shifts are featured, namely, a shift to a developmental systems way of defining and explaining earth steward development; a shift to a nature-as-solution way of addressing the climate crisis; a shift to a multiple media literacy paradigm that includes the arts in support of earth steward development; and a shift to a faith-tradition way of understanding religion’s potential for supporting earth steward development.
ChawlaL. (2007). Childhood experiences associated with care for the natural world: A theoretical framework for empirical results. Children, Youth and Environments, 17, 144–170; doi: 10.1353/cye.2007.0010
6.
ChristinaH. (2006). Developing Literacies in PostModern Times.
7.
Cochran-SmithM., & LytleS. L. (1999). The teacher research movement: A decade later. Educational Researcher, 28, 15–25; doi: 10.3102/0013189X028007015
8.
CorbinJ. D., & HollK. D. (2012). Applied nucleation as a forest restoration strategy. Forest Ecology and Management, 265, 37–46; doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.013
9.
DamonW., & LernerR. M. (2006). Handbook of Child Psychology, Theoretical Models of Human Development. John Wiley & Sons.
FrancisP. (2015). Laudato Si: On Care for Our Common Home. Our Sunday Visitor.
17.
GardnerH. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Basic Books.
18.
GouldS. J. (2011). Rocks of Ages: Science and Religion in the Fullness of Life. Random House Publishing Group.
19.
HawkenP. (2007). Blessed unrest: How the largest movement in the world came into being, and why no one saw it coming. Viking.
20.
HilleryT. (2020). Harlem Grown: How One Big Idea Transformed a Neighborhood. Simon & Schuster/Paula Wiseman Books.
21.
HirschiJ. S., & SobelD. (2015). Ripe for Change: Garden-Based Learning in Schools. Harvard Education Press.
22.
InhelderB., With InhelderB., ParsonsA., MilgramS., & PiagetJ. (1958). The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence: An essay on the construction of formal operational structures. Basic Books.
KahnP. H. (2009). Cohabitating With the Wild. Ecopsychology, 1, 38–46; doi: 10.1089/eco.2009.0001
25.
KuhnT. S. (2012). The structure of scientific revolutions (Fourth edition.). The University of Chicago Press.
26.
LouvR. (2008). Last child lost in the woods: Saving our children from nature-deficit disorder. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill.
27.
MathouT. (Ed.). (2008). How to reform a traditional Buddhist monarchy: The political achievements of His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the fourth king of Bhutan (1972–2006). Centre for Bhutan Studies.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Director). (2013). March 22. Visual Thinking Strategies and MFA School Partnerships [Video recording]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKb4uuRAymM
ScarlettW. G. (2020). Rachel Carson and the Development of Earth Stewards. Journal of Research on Character Education, 16, 77–86.
33.
ScarlettW. G., & WarrenA. E. A. (2010). Religious and Spiritual Development across the Life Span. In The Handbook of Life-Span Development. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; doi: 10.1002/9780470880166.hlsd002016
SiderisL. H. (2008). The secular and religious sources of Rachel Carson’s sense of wonder’. Rachel Carson: Legacy and Challenge, 232–250.
37.
SiderisL. H. (2017). Consecrating Science: Wonder, Knowledge, and the Natural World (First edition).. University of California Press.
38.
SmithW. C. (1979). Faith and belief. Princeton University Press.
39.
SmithW. C. (2005). What Is Scripture?: A Comparative Approach. Fortress Press.
40.
StoneM. K. (2005). It changed everything we thought we could do”: The STRAW project. In Ecological literacy: Educating our children for a sustainable world (pp. 161–174). Sierra Club Books San Francisco.
41.
StoneM. K. (2017). Ecoliteracy and Schooling for Sustainability. In Worldwatch Institute, EarthEd (pp. 35–47). Island Press/Center for Resource Economics; doi: 10.5822/978-1-61091-843-5_3
42.
TuckE., McKenzieM., & McCoyK. (2014). Land education: Indigenous, post-colonial, and decolonizing perspectives on place and environmental education research. Environmental Education Research, 20, 1–23; doi: 10.1080/13504622.2013.877708
43.
VygotskiĭL. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
44.
WinterJ. (2008). Wangari’s Trees of Peace: A True Story from Africa (First edition).. Harcourt Children’s Books.
45.
WitheringtonD. C., OvertonW. F., LickliterR., MarshallP. J., & NarvaezD. (2018). Metatheory and the primacy of conceptual analysis in developmental science. Human Development, 61, 181–198; doi: 10.1159/000490160
46.
Woodland Park Zoo. (n.d). Empathy Initiative—Woodland Park Zoo Seattle WA. Available from: https://www.zoo.org/empathy [Last accessed: August24, 2025].