Intra-Population Disparities in Alcohol Consumption and Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage Risk in East India

Abstract

Background

Heavy alcohol use is associated with an increased risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH), but the relationship with lesser amounts of alcohol is uncertain. Tribals in East India have a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse. We assessed the dose-risk relationship between alcohol consumption and ICH and evaluated the intra-population variations of this risk.

Methods

In this case-control study, we recruited 510 patients with ICH. Cases were matched 1:1 with ICH-free controls. Alcohol consumption patterns were designated into groups - none, rare, moderate, intermediate, and heavy. The no-alcohol consumption category was used as reference to determine ICH risk.

Results

Rare and moderate alcohol consumption conferred a decreased risk of ICH (OR = 0.35, P value <0.001 and OR = 0.58, P value 0.008 respectively). Patients with heavy alcohol use were at a significantly higher risk (OR = 1.65, P value = 0.027). Subgroup analysis revealed similar risk profiles for rare and moderate consumption in both lobar and non-lobar ICH, whereas heavy alcohol conferred an increased risk only for non-lobar ICH. Heavy alcohol consumption was also associated with risk of ICH in tribals (OR = 3.24. P value = 0.04).

Conclusion

Rare and moderate alcohol consumption may have a protective effect on ICH risk whereas heavy alcohol use is associated with an increased risk, Further, tribal populations have an increased ICH risk with heavy alcohol use with no decrease in risk with rare or moderate use. This highlights the need for culturally tailored prevention strategies for these communities.