Abstract
Background:
Wrist injuries are common in sports. Those who are involved in the care of athletes should be familiar with hand and wrist anatomy, common wrist injuries, and clinical examination; they should also know how to recognize emergent problems.
Level of Evidence:
Level V, expert opinion.
Keywords
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adams
BD
. Distal radioulnar joint instability . In:
Green
DP
, ed. Green’s Operative Hand Surgery . Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier ; 2005 : chapter 15.
2.
Aitken
S
Court-Brown
CM
. The epidemiology of sports-related fractures of the hand . Injury . 2008 ;39 :1377 –1383 .
3.
Amadio
PC
Berquist
TH
Smith
DK
Scaphoid malunion . J Hand Surg [Am] . 1989 ;14 :679 –687 .
4.
Amadio
PM
Moran
SL
. Fractures of the carpal bones . In:
Green
DP
, ed. Green’s Operative Hand Surgery . Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier ; 2005 : chapter 17.
5.
Burkhart
SS
Wood
MB
Linscheid
RL
. Posttraumatic recurrent subluxation of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon . J Hand Surg [Am] . 1982 ;7 :1 –3 .
6.
Coleman
SS
Anson
BJ
. Arterial patterns in the hand based upon a study of 650 specimens . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1961 ;113 :409 –424 .
7.
Court-Brown
CM
Wood
AM
Aitken
S
. The epidemiology of acute sports-related fractures in adults . Injury . 2008 ;39 (12 ):1365 –1372 .
8.
Estrella
EP
Hung
LK
Ho
PC
Arthroscopic repair of triangular fibrocartilage complex tears . Arthroscopy . 2007 ;23 :729 –737.e1 .
9.
Garcia-Elias
M
Geissler
WB
. Carpal instability . In:
Green
DP
, ed. Green’s Operative Hand Surgery . Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier ; 2005 : chapter 14.
10.
Geissler
WB
Fernandez
DL
Lamey
DM
. Distal radioulnar joint injuries associated with fractures of the distal radius . Clin Orthop Relat Res . 1996 ;327 :135 –146 .
11.
Geissler
WB
Freeland
AE
Savoie
FH
Intracarpal soft-tissue lesions associated with an intra-articular fracture of the distal end of the radius . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1996 ;78 :357 –365 .
12.
Gelberman
RH
Menon
J
. The vascularity of the scaphoid bone . J Hand Surg [Am] . 1980 ;5 :508 –513 .
13.
Hame
SL
LaFemina
JM
McAllister
DR
Fractures in the collegiate athlete . Am J Sports Med . 2004 ;32 :446 –451 .
14.
Hove
LM
. Epidemiology of scaphoid fractures in Bergen, Norway . Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg . 1999 ;33 :423 –426 .
15.
Levy
M
Fischel
RE
Stern
GM
Chip fractures of the os triquetrum: the mechanism of injury . J Bone Joint Surg Br . 1979 ;61 :355 –357 .
16.
MacLennan
AJ
Nemechek
NM
Waitayawinyu
T
Diagnosis and anatomic reconstruction of extensor carpi ulnaris subluxation . J Hand Surg [Am] . 2008 ;33 :59 –64 .
17.
Mayfield
JK
Johnson
RP
Kilcoyne
RK
. Carpal dislocations: pathomechanics and progressive perilunar instability . J Hand Surg [Am] . 1980 ;5 :226 –241 .
18.
Minami
A
Ishikawa
J
Suenaga
N
Clinical results of treatment of triangular fibrocartilage complex tears by arthroscopic debridement . J Hand Surg [Am] . 1996 ;21 :406 –411 .
19.
Morgan
WJ
Slowman
LS
. Acute hand and wrist injuries in athletes: evaluation and management . J Am Acad Orthop Surg . 2001 ;9 :389 –400 .
20.
Parvizi
J
Wayman
J
Kelly
P
Combining the clinical signs improves diagnosis of scaphoid fractures: a prospective study with follow-up . J Hand Surg [Br] . 1998 ;23 :324 –327 .
21.
Rettig
AC
Kollias
SC
. Internal fixation of acute stable scaphoid fractures in the athlete . Am J Sports Med . 1996 ;24 :182 –186 .
22.
Rettig
AC
Weidenbener
EJ
Gloyeske
R
. Alternative management of midthird scaphoid fractures in the athlete . Am J Sports Med . 1994 ;22 :711 –714 .
23.
Riester
JN
Baker
BE
Mosher
JF
A review of scaphoid fracture healing in competitive athletes . Am J Sports Med . 1985 ;13 :159 –161 .
24.
Rutgers
M
Mudgal
CS
Shin
R
. Combined fractures of the distal radius and scaphoid . J Hand Surg Eur Vol . 2008 ;33 :478 –483 .
25.
Stark
HH
Chao
EK
Zemel
NP
Fracture of the hook of the hamate . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1989 ;71 :1202 –1207 .
26.
Stark
HH
Jobe
FW
Boyes
JH
Fracture of the hook of the hamate in athletes . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1977 ;59 :575 –582 .
27.
Strickland
JW
. Considerations for the treatment of the injured athlete . Clin Sports Med . 1998 ;17 :397 –400 .
28.
Tay
SC
Tomita
K
Berger
RA
. The “ulnar fovea sign” for defining ulnar wrist pain: an analysis of sensitivity and specificity . J Hand Surg [Am] . 2007 ;32 :438 –444 .
29.
Vinnars
B
Pietreanu
M
Bodestedt
A
Ekenstam
F
Gerdin
B
. Nonoperative compared with operative treatment of acute scaphoid fractures: a randomized clinical trial . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 2008 ;90 (6 ):1176 –1185 .
30.
Weber
ER
Chao
EY
. An experimental approach to the mechanism of scaphoid waist fractures . J Hand Surg [Am] . 1978 ;3 :142 –148 .
