Despite the major importance of the news media’s election news coverage, there are still only a few cross-national studies on how the media cover elections. There are even fewer that include both newspapers and TV news and that probe possible antecedents of how the media frame politics in their election news. Against this background, this article compares the media framing of election news in two countries—Belgium and Sweden— that constitute highly similar cases and both belong to the democratic corporatist model of media and politics. The study focuses on the importance of media channels, media types, and commercialism as antecedents of the media’s framing of election news.
De Bens, Els.2003. "Belgium." In The media in Europe, ed. Mary Kelly, Gianpietro Mazzoleni, and Denis McQuail.London: Sage.
2.
Biltereyst, Daniel, and Roland Van Gompel .1999. "De vierde macht in transitie. Theorie en toetsing aan de hand van de Vlaamse pers." Mediagids3:61-86.
3.
Blumler, Jay G., and Michael Gurevitch .1995. The Crisis of Public Communication . London: Routledge.
4.
Blumler, Jay G., and Dennis Kavanagh .1999. "The Third Age of Political Communication: Influences and Features." Political Communication16(3):209-30.
5.
Brants, Kees, and Peter Neijens.1998. "The Infotainment of Politics." Political Communication15(2):149-64.
6.
Djerf-Pierre, Monika, and Lennart Weibull .2008. "From Public Educator to Interpreting Ombudsman. Regimes of Political Journalism in Swedish Public Service Broadcasting 1925-2005." In Communicating Politics. Political Communication in the Nordic Countries, ed. Jesper Strömbäck, Mark rsten , and Toril Aalberg.Gothenburg, Sweden: Nordicom.
7.
Entman, Robert. M.1993. "Framing: Towards Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm ." Journal of Communication43(4):51-58.
8.
Esser, Frank.2008. "Dimensions of Political News Cultures: Sound Bite and Image Bite News in France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States." International Journal of Press/ Politics13(4):401-28.
9.
Hallin, Daniel C., and Paolo Mancini.2004. Comparing Media Systems. Three Models of Media and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.
Hart, Roderick P.1999. Seducing America. How Television Charms the Modern Voter . 2nd Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
11.
Lippman, Walter.1922/1997. Public Opinion. New York: Free Press.
12.
McQuail, Denis.1998. "Commercialization and Beyond." In The Media Policy. Convergence, Concentration and Commerce, ed. Denis McQuail and Karen Siune.London: Sage.
13.
Papacharissi, Zizi, and Maria de Fatima Oliveira.2008. "News Frames Terrorism: A Comparative Analysis of Frames Employed in Terrorism Coverage in U.S. and U.K. Newspapers." International Journal of Press/Politics13(1):52-74.
14.
Patterson, Thomas E.1980. The Mass Media Election. How Americans Choose Their President . New York: Praeger.
15.
Patterson, Thomas E.1993. Out of Order. New York: Vintage.
16.
Patterson, Thomas E.2000a. Doing Well and Doing Good: How Soft News and Critical Journalism Are Shrinking the News Audience and Weakening Democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy.
17.
Patterson, Thomas E.2000b. "The United States: News in a Free-Market Society." In Democracy and the Media. A Comparative Perspective, ed. Richard Gunther and Anthony Mughan.New York: Cambridge University Press.
18.
Petersson, Olof, Monika Djerf-Pierre, Sören Holmberg, Jesper Strömbäck, and Lennart Weibull .2006. Media and Elections in Sweden . Stockholm: SNS Förlag.
19.
Pfetsch, Barbara, and Frank Esser.2004. "Comparing Political Communication: Reorientations in a Changing World." In Comparing Political Communication. Theories, Cases, Challenges, ed. Frank Esser and Barbara Pfetsch.New York: Cambridge University Press.
20.
Rahat, Gideon, and Tamir Sheafer.2007. "The Personalization(s) of Politics: Israel, 1949-2003." Political Communication24(1):65-80.
21.
Semetko, Holli A., and Patti M. Valkenburg .2000. "Framing European Politics: A Content Analysis of Press and Television News." Journal of Communication50(2):93-109.
22.
Strömbäck, Jesper.2008. "Four Phases of Mediatization: An Analysis of the Mediatization of Politics." International Journal of Press/Politics13(3):228-46.
23.
Strömbäck, Jesper, and Toril Aalberg.2008. "Election News Coverage in Democratic Corporatist Countries: A Comparative Study of Sweden and Norway." Scandinavian Political Studies31(1):91-106.
24.
Strömbäck, Jesper, and Daniela V. Dimitrova .2006. "Political and Media Systems Matter. A Comparison of Election News Coverage in Sweden and the United States ." International Journal of Press/Politics11(4):131-47.
25.
Strömbäck, Jesper, and Lynda Lee Kaid, eds. 2008. The Handbook of Election News Coverage around the World. New York: Routledge.
26.
Strömbäck, Jesper, and Adam Shehata.2007. "Structural Biases in British and Swedish Election News Coverage." Journalism Studies8(5):798-812.
27.
Tankard, James W., Jr.2001. "The Empirical Approach to the Study of Media Framing." In Framing Public Life. Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World, ed. Stephen D. Reese, Oscar H. Gandy Jr., and August E.Grant. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
28.
Thompson, R. Stephen.1989. "Circulation versus Advertiser Appeal in the Newspaper Industry: An Empirical Investigation." Journal of Industrial Economics37(3):259-71.
29.
Van Aelst, Peter.2007. Toeschouwer, speler of scheidsrechter? Een studie naar de rol van de media in de verkiezingscampagne van 2003. Bruges, Belgium: Vanden Broele.
30.
Van Praag, Philip, Peter van Aelst, and Kees Brants.2006. "Types and Shifts of Media Power. A Conceptual Analysis Illustrated by 50 Years of Political Communication in the Lowlands." Presented at annual meeting of American Political Science Association, Philadelphia.
31.
de Vreese, Claes H.2003. Framing Europe. Television News and European Integration . Amsterdam: Aksant.
32.
Ward, David.2004. A Mapping Study of Media Concentration and Ownership in Ten European Countries. Hilversum, Netherlands: Commissariaat voor de Media.
