Comparison of Dorsal Closing Wedge Calcaneal Osteotomy and Exostectomy With Tendon Repair for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy in Mild-to-Moderate Cases

Abstract

Background. The optimal surgical approach for mild-to-moderate insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) with Haglund deformity remains controversial. This study compares the clinical and radiological outcomes of Zadek Calcaneal Closing Wedge Osteotomy (ZCCWO) and Calcaneal Exostectomy with Tendon Repair (CE-TR). Material and methods. This retrospective study included 30 patients (15 ZCCWO, 15 CE-TR) with mild-to-moderate IAT associated with calcaneal exostosis. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Radiological evaluations included the Fowler–Phillip (FP), Calcaneal Pitch (CP), and Chaveaux-Liet (CL) angles. The mean follow-up was 39 ± 8.8 months (ZCCWO) and 31.4 ± 5 months (CE-TR). Results. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in AOFAS and NPRS scores (P < .00001) with no statistically significant differences between them (AOFAS: P = .6, NPRS: P = .65). The postoperative decline in FP angle was comparable (ZCCWO: 10.1°±3.9°, CE-TR: 9.7°±4.4°; P > .05). Non-union occurred in 1 ZCCWO case (6.6%), while superficial wound infections were more common in the CE-TR group (13.3% vs 6.6%). Conclusion. The ZCCWO and CE-TR provide equivalent functional and radiological outcomes for mild-to-moderate IAT associated with Haglund deformity. Both procedures are effective and safe, with complication profiles that warrant consideration in surgical planning.

Level of evidence:

level III

Clinical trial registration:

Not applicable.