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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to develop a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) process to guide the evidence-based selection of healthcare flooring materials that balance safety, environmental sustainability, and economic viability.

Background

Flooring selection in healthcare environments significantly influences patient safety and well-being, operational costs, maintainability, and environmental performance. However, tools that support material choices aligned with both sustainability goals and long-term cost efficiency remain limited, especially in the predesign and specification stages.

Methods

A CBA approach was applied, integrating discounted cost analysis for economic assessment, sustainability key performance indicators for environmental and maintenance evaluation, and a benefit-cost ratio model for final decision-making. This quantitative approach compared flooring materials’ “first costs” to long-term benefits concerning safety, environmental sustainability, and maintainability, supporting trade-off analysis in healthcare design.

Results

Based on the data used for this research, common flooring materials such as rubber and linoleum demonstrated a high balance of durability, safety, and sustainability performance. Conversely, vinyl-based options scored lower on composite criteria for long-term performance and sustainable value proposition. This examination culminated in a generalizable cost-benefit model for healthcare material decisions.

Conclusions

This study introduces a design decision-support approach that complements choice management during the environment of care predesign stage for practitioners and healthcare facility operations specialists. The parameters used in this study offer the potential to better inform environmental planning lifecycle choices by considering healthcare flooring material safety and sustainability as equally weighted criteria, without compromising operational fiscal prudence.

Keywords

flooring material selection cost-benefit analysis process model development healthcare facilities sustainability frameworks

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