Leaves of Juglans regia L. collected from two different locations [Adana (A) and Ankara (B)] from Turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus to yield the essential oils (EOs). GC/MS and GC-FID analyses revealed that the A EO was rich in thymol (23.1%), while caryophyllene oxide (33.8%) was found as the main constituent of B EO. Both contained β-eudesmol (1.4% - 9.5 %), (E)-geranyl acetone (3.7% - 5.8%) and the eudesmane type constituent juglaterpene A (3.1% - 11.0%). Using a HP Innowax preparative capillary column connected to a preparative fraction collector, an unknown constituent, juglaterpene A (1, 11-hydroxy-2,4-cycloeudesmane), was isolated in a rapid one-step manner with > 94.0% purity. Structure determination was accomplished from 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. Oil B demonstrated significant larvicidal activity against 1st instar Aedes aegypti L.
SezikE., YeşiladaE., TabataM., HondaG., TakaishiY., FujitaT., TanakT., TakedaY. (1997) Traditional medicine in Turkey VIII. Folk medicine in East Anatolia; Erzurum, Erzíncan, Ağri, Kars, Iğdir provinces. Economic Botany, 51, 195–211.
4.
KavalI., BehçetL., CakilciogluU. (2014) Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants in Geçitli and its surroundings (Hakkari-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 155, 171–184.
5.
AmezianeN., BoubakerH., BoudyachH., MsandaF., JilalA., BenaoumarA.A. (2007) Antifungal activity of Moroccan plants against citrus fruit pathogens. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 27, 273–277.
6.
ErcisliS., EsitkenA., TurkkalC., OrhanE. (2005) The allelopathic effects of juglone and walnut leaf extracts on yield, growth, chemical and PNE compositions of strawberry cv. Fern. Plant Soil Environment, 51, 283–287.
FojtovaJ., LojkovaL., KubanV. (2008) GC/MS of terpenes in walnut-tree leaves after accelerated solvent extraction. Journal of Separation Science, 31, 162–168.
9.
GhasemiK., GhasemiY., EhteshamniaA., NabaviS.M., NabaviS.F., EbrahimzadehM.A., PourmoradF. (2011) Influence of environmental factors on antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoids contents of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husks. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5, 1128–1133.
10.
LiuY., XuY., GaoJ., YangX., LiuY. (2003) Analysis of volatile components from leaves of Juglans regia by GC/MS. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 24, 1100–1102.
11.
FaragM.A. (2008) Headspace analysis of volatile compounds in leaves from the Juglandaceae (walnut) family. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 20, 323–327.
12.
PanD., ZhaiM., GuoS. (2007) Chemical constituents of Juglans regia L. volatile. Journal Shandong Agricultural University, 38, 234–235.
13.
RatherM.A., DaraB.A., DarM.Y., WaniB.A., ShahW.A., BhatB.A., GanaiB.A., BhatK.A., AnandR., QurishiM.A. (2012) Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the leaf essential oil of Juglans regia L. and its constituents. Phytomedicine, 19, 1185–1190.
14.
RamS.V., RajendraC.P., AmitC., SanjogT.T. (2013) Phytochemical analysis of the leaf volatile oil of walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) from western Himalaya. Industrial Crops and Products, 42, 195–201.
15.
PaudelP., SatyalP., DosokyN.S., MaharjanS., SetzerW.N. (2013) Juglans regia and J. nigra, two trees important in traditional medicine: A comparison of leaf essential oil compositions and biological activities. Natural Product Communications, 8, 1481–1486.
16.
BoukhariF., Tigrine-KordjaniN., Youcef MeklatiB. (2013) Phytochemical investigation by microwave-assisted extraction of essential oil of the leaves of walnut cultivated in Algeria. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 96, 1168–1175.
17.
ButteryR.G., FlathR.A., MonT.R., LingL.C. (1986) Identification of germacrene D in walnut and fig leaf volatiles. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 34, 820–822.
18.
MaedaH., KakokiN., AyabeM., KogaY., OribeT., MatsuoY., TanakaT., KounoI. (2011) ent-Eudesmane sesquiterpenoids, galloyl esters of the oak lactone precursor, and a 3-O-methylellagic acid glycoside from the wood of Platycarya strobilacea. Phytochemistry, 72, 796–803.
19.
IsakaM., PalasarnS., LapanunS., ChanthaketR., BoonyuenN., LumyongS. (2009) γM-Lactones and ent-eudesmane sesquiterpenes from the endophytic fungus Eutypella sp. BCC 13199. Journal of Natural Products, 72, 1720–1722.
20.
TabancaN., BernierU.R., AliA., WangM., DemirciB., BlytheE.K., KhanS.I., BaserK.H.C., KhanI.A. (2013) Bioassay-guided investigation of two Monarda essential oils as repellent of yellow fever mosquito against Aedes aegypti. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61, 8573–8580.
21.
SilvaW.J., DóriaG.A.A., MaiaR.T., NunesR.S., CarvalhoG.A., BlankA.F., AlvesP.B., MarçalR.M., CavalcantiS.C.H. (2008) Effects of essential oils on Aedes aegypti larvae: alternatives to environmentally safe insecticides. Bioresource Technology, 99, 3251–3255.
22.
LimaM.A., de OliveiraF.F.M., GomesG.A., LavorP.L., SantiagoG.M., Nagao-DiasA.T., ArriagaA.M.C., LemosT.L.G., de CarvalhoM.G. (2011) Evaluation of larvicidal activity of the essential oils of plants species from Brazil against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 11716–11720.
23.
SchepetkinI.A., KushnarenkoS.V., ÖzekG., KirpotinaL.N., UtegenovaG.A., KotukhovY.A., DanilovaA.N., ÖzekT., BaşerK.H.C., QuinnM.T. (2015) Inhibition of human neutrophil responses by the essential oil of Artemisia kotuchovii and its constituents. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63, 4999–5007.
24.
PridgeonJ.W., BecnelJ.J., ClarkG.G., LinthicumK.J. (2009) A high throughput screening method to identify potential pesticides for mosquito control. Journal of Medical Entomology, 46, 335–341.
