Artabotrys crassifolius Hook. f. & Thomson is a medicinal plant used in Malaysia. The cytotoxic effects of the hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts of the leaves and bark were examined in vitro against MCF-7, MDA-468 and HCT-116 cells. The chloroform extract of the bark inhibited the growth of all cell lines with GI50 values ranging from 4.2 μg/mL to 9.4 μg/mL. Silica gel column chromatography of this extract yielded artabotrine, liridine, atherospermidine and lysicamine. Artabotrine and lysicamine inhibited the growth of HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells with GI50 values ranging from 3.3 μM to 3.9 μM. These alkaloids were not toxic to human embryonic kidney cells (HEK297) up to a concentration of 50 μg/mL.
ChopraRN. (1933) Chopra's indigenous drugs of India. Academic Publisher, Calcutta, 1–792.
2.
LindleyJ. (1853) The vegetable kingdom or the structure, classification, and uses of plants illustrated upon the natural system. Bradbury & Evans, London, 1–992.
3.
PerryLM, MetzgerJ. (1980) Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: Attributed properties and uses. The MIT Press, Cambridge, USA, 1–620.
4.
WiartC. (2006) Medicinal plants of Asia-Pacific: Drugs for the future?World Scientific, Singapore, 1–717.
5.
WuYC, ChenCH, YangTH, LuST, McPhailDR, McPhailAT, LeeKH. (1989) Cytotoxic aporphines from Artabotrys uncinatus and the structure and stereochemistry of artacinatine. Phytochemistry, 28, 2191–2195.
6.
HofheinzW, BürginH, GockeE, JaquetC, MasciadriR, SchmidG, StohlerH, UrwylerH. (1994) Ro 42–1611 (arteflene), a new effective antimalarial: chemical structure and biological activity. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 45, 261–265.
7.
BargerG, SargentLJ. (1939) The alkaloids of Artabotrys suaveolens. Journal of the Chemical Society, 991–997.
8.
Eloumi-RopiviaJ, BeliveauJ, SimonDZ. (1984) Isolation of glaucine from Artabotrys lastourvillensis. Journal of Natural Products, 47, 1067.
9.
ConnollyJD, HaqueME, HasanCM, HaiderSS. (1994) Constituents of the stem bark of Artabotrys odoratissimus. Fitoterapia, 65, 92–93.
10.
Kithsiri WijeratneEM, Leslie GunatilakaAA, KingstonDGI, Curtis HaltiwangerR, EgglestonDS. (1995) Artabotrine: a novel bioactive alkaloid from Artabotrys zeylanicus. Tetrahedron, 51, 7877–7882.
11.
HsiehTJ, ChenCY, KuoRY, ChangFR, WuYC. (1999) Two new alkaloids from Artabotrys uncinatus. Journal of Natural Products, 62, 1192–1193.
12.
SagenAL, SahpazS, MaviS, HostettmannK. (2003) Isoquinoline alkaloids from Artabotrys brachypetalus. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31, 1447–1449.
13.
HsiehTJ, LiuTZ, ChernCL, TsaoDA, LuFJ, SyuYH, HsiehPY, HuHS, ChangTT, ChenCH. (2005) Liriodenine inhibits the proliferation of human hepatoma cell lines by blocking cell progression and nitric oxide-mediated activation of p-53 expression. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43, 1117–1126.
14.
StévignyC, BaillyC, Quetin–LeclercqJ. (2005) Cytotoxic and antitumor potentialities of alkaloids. Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents, 5, 173–172.
15.
WooSH, SunNJ, CassadyJM, SnapkaRM. (1999) Topoisomerase II inhibition by aporphine alkaloids. Biochemical Pharmacology, 57, 1141–1145.
16.
LinHF, HuangHL, LiaoJF, ShenCC, HuangRL. (2015) Dicentrine analogue-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis through inhibition of topoisomerase II activity in human cancer cells. Planta Medica, 81, 830–837.
17.
NitissJL. (2009) Targeting DNA topoisomerase II in cancer chemotherapy. Natural Reviews Cancer, 9, 338–350.
18.
FanL, Strasser-WeipplK, LiJJ, St LouisJ, FinkelsteinDM, YuKD, ChenWQ, ShaoZM, GossPE. (2014) Breast cancer in China. The Lancet Oncology, 15, 7e279–e289.
19.
GohLY, LeowAH, GohKL. (2014) Observations on the epidemiology of gastrointestinal and liver cancers in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal of Digestive Diseases, 15, 463–468.
BradshawTD, StoneEL, TrapaniV, LeongCO, MatthewsCS, PoeleRT, StevensMFG. (2008) Mechanisms of acquired resistance to 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)benzothiazole in breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 110, 57–68.
22.
VasselinDA, WestwellAD, MatthewsCS, BradshawTD, StevensMFG. (2006) Structural studies on bioactive compounds. 40.1 Synthesis and biological properties of fluoro-, methoxyl-, and amino-substituted 3-phenyl-4H-1- benzopyran-4-ones and a comparison of their antitumor activities with the activities of related 2-phenylbenzothiazoles. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry49, 3973–3981.
23.
MonksA, ScudieroD, SkehanP, ShoemakerR, PaullK, VisticaD, HoseC, LangleyJ, CroniseP, Vaigro-WolffA, Gray-GoodrichM, CampbellH, MayoJ, BoydM (1991) Feasibility of a high-flux anticancer drug screen using a diverse panel of cultured human tumor cell lines. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 83, 757–766.
24.
HashimNM, RahmaniM, EeGCL, SukariMA, YahayuM, OktimaW, AliAM, GoR. (2012) Antiproliferative activity of xanthones isolated from Artocarpus obtusus. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 130627.
25.
Abu-DahabR, AfifiF. (2007) Antiproliferative activity of selected medicinal plants of Jordan against a breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF7). Scientia Pharmaceutica, 75, 121–136.
26.
SichaemJ, RuksilpT, WorawalaiW, SiripongP, KhumkratokS, Tip-PyangS. (2011) A new dimeric aporphine from the roots of Artabotrys spinosus. Fitoterapia, 82, 422–425.
27.
RaoVA, AgamaK, HolbeckS, PommierY. (2007) Batracylin (NSC 320846), a dual inhibitor of DNA topoisomerases I and II induces histone gamma-H2AX as a biomarker of DNA damage. Cancer Research, 67, 9971–9979.
28.
PaullKD, ShoemakerRH, HodesL, MonksA, ScudieroDA, RubinsteinL, PlowmanJ, BoydMR. (1989) Display and analysis of patterns of differential activity of drugs against human tumor cell lines: development of mean graph and COMPARE algorithm. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 81, 1088–1092.
29.
DingHX, LuW, YangLX, LiHB, BaiH, WuXM, CaiJC, ZhaoY. (2006) Synthesis of a natural cytotoxic alkaloid artabotrine and its analogue. Chinese Chemical Letters, 17, 5–8.
30.
OmarH, HashimNM, ZajmiA, NordinN, AbdelwahabSI, AzizanAH, HadiAH, AliHM. (2013) Aporphine alkaloids from the leaves of Phoebe grandis (Nees) Mer. (Lauraceae) and their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. Molecules, 18, 8994–9009.
31.
SilvaDB, MatosMFC, NakashitaST, MisuCK, YoshidaNC, CarolloCA, FabriJR, MiglioHS, SiqueiraJM. (2007) Isolamento e avaliacao da atividade citotoxica de alguns alcaloides oxaporfinicos obtidos de Annonaceae. Quimica Nova, 30, 1809–1812.
32.
NakanoD, IshitsukaK, KamikawaM, MatsudaM, TsuchihashiR, OkawaM, OkabeH, TamuraK, KinjoJ. (2013) Screening of promising chemotherapeutic candidates from plants against human adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (III). Journal of Natural Medicines, 67, 894–903.
33.
OsorioEJD, MontoyaGLP, MunozKD, ArangoGJA. (2006) Actividad antiplasmodial de alcaloides aporfinicos de Rollinia pittieri y Pseudomalmea boyacana (Annonaceae). Vitae, 13, 49–54.
34.
KangYF, LiuCM, KaoCL, ChenCY. (2014) Antioxidant and anticancer constituents from the leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera. Molecules, 19, 4234–4245.
35.
LiuBJ, JianL, ChenGY, SongXP, HanCR, WangJ. (2014) Chemical constituents and in vitro anticancer cytotoxic activities of Polyalthia plagioneura. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 49, 1172–1174.
36.
WiartC. (2013) Lead compounds from medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer. Academic Press, New York, 1–719.
37.
ChenCY, LiuTZ, TsengWC, LuFJ, HungRP, ChenCH, ChenCH. (2008) (-)-Anonaine induces apoptosis through Bax- and caspase-dependent pathways in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 2694–2702.
38.
PommierY. (2009) DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors: chemistry, biology, and interfacial inhibition. Chemical Reviews, 109, 2894–902.
39.
CostaEV, PinheiroMLB, De SouzaADL, BarisonA, CamposFR, ValdezRH, Ueda-NakamuraT, FilhoBPD, NakamuraCV. (2011) Trypanocidal activity of oxoaporphine and pyrimidine-β-carboline alkaloids from the branches of Annona foetida Mart. (Annonaceae). Molecules, 16, 9714–9720.
40.
ChangYC, ChangFR, WuYC. (2000) The constituents of Lindera glauca. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 47, 373–380.”
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
