Qualitative analysis of the water extract of Mentha x villosa Huds. leaves was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and quantitative analysis was made by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection (LC-DAD). Sixteen phenolic compounds were identified and quantified consisting of 8 phenolic acids/derivatives and 8 flavonoid glycosides (quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaroyl-hexoside, caffeic acid, coumaroylquinic acid, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide, chrysoeriol-7-O-rutinoside, and hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside). Luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (25.6 ± 0.7 mg/g dry extract) and rosmarinic acid (17.9 ± 0.4 mg/g dry extract) were the most abundant. High antioxidant activity of this phenolic-rich water extract was confirmed in vitro by DPPH and ABTS tests and ex vivo in the ischemia-reperfusion injured rat superior mesenteric artery. Thus, the water extract of M. x villosa leaves seems to be a promising agent in prevention of tissue injury caused by oxidative stress.
BazzanoLA, HeJ, OgdenLG, LoriaCM, VupputuriS, MyersL, WheltonPK. (2002) Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults: the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76, 93–99;
2.
GandiniS, MerzenichH, RobertsonC, BoyleP. (2000) Meta-analysis of studies on breast cancer risk and diet: the role of fruit and vegetable consumption and the intake of associated micronutrients. European Journal of Cancer, 36, 636–646;
3.
AhmadN, FazalH, AhmadI, AbbasiBH. (2012) Free radical scavenging (DPPH) potential in nine Mentha species. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 28, 83–89.
4.
DormanHJD, KosarM, KahlosK, HolmY, HiltunenR. (2003) Antioxidant properties and composition of aqueous extracts from Mentha species, hybrids, varieties, and cultivars. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51, 4563–4569;
5.
NedorostovaL, KloucekP, KokoskaL, StolcovaM, PulkrabekJ. (2009) Antimicrobial properties of selected essential oils in vapour phase against foodborne bacteria. Food Control, 20, 157–160;
6.
OumzilH, GhoulamiS, RhajaouiM, IlidrissiA, Fkih-TetouaniS, FaidM, BenjouadA. (2002) Antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oils of Mentha suaveolens. Phytotherapy Research, 16, 727–731;
7.
Mimica-DukicN, BozinB. (2008) Mentha L. species (Lamiaceae) as promising sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 14, 3141–3150;
DormanHJD, KosarM, BaşerKHC, HiltunenR. (2009) Phenolic profile and antioxidant evaluation of Mentha x piperita L. (peppermint) Extracts. Natural Product Communications, 4, 535–542;
10.
McKayDL, BlumbergJB. (2006) A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.). Phytotherapy Research, 20, 619–633.
11.
LawrenceBM. (2007) Oil composition of other Mentha species and hybrids. In Mint. The genus Mentha. Medical and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles. Volume 44. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York, 325–346;
12.
TelesS, PereiraJA, SantosCHB, MenezesRV, MalheiroR, LuccheseAM, SilvaF. (2013) Effect of geographical origin on the essential oil content and composition of fresh and dried Mentha x villosa Hudson leaves. Industrial Crops and Products, 46, 1–7;
13.
TuckerAO, NacziRFC. (2007) Mentha: An overview of its classification and relationships. In Mint. The genus Mentha. Medical and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles, Volume 44. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York, 3–39;
14.
Matos-RochaTJ, dos SantosCavalcanti MG, Barbosa-FilhoJM, LúcioAS, VerasDL, FeitosaAP, de SiqueiraJúnior JP, de AlmeidaRN, MarquesMO, AlvesLC, BraynerFA. (2013) In vitro evaluation of schistosomicidal activity of essential oil of Mentha x villosa and some of its chemical constituents in adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. Planta Medica, 79, 1307–1312;
15.
SousaPJC, LinardCFBM, Azevedo-BatistaD, OliveiraAC, Coelho-de-SouzaAN, Leal-CardosoJH. (2009) Antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Mentha x villosa leaf and its major constituent piperitenone oxide in mice. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 42, 655–659;
16.
NascimentoÉM, FurlongJ, PimentaDS, PrataMC de A. (2009) Anthelmintic effect of hydrolate of Mentha villosa Huds. (Lamiaceae) in gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle. Ciência Rural, 39, 817–824;
17.
LahlouS, FerreiraLimaCarneiro-LeãoR, Leal-CardosoJH. (2002) Cardiovascular effects of the essential oil of Mentha x villosa in DOCA-salt-hypertensive rats. Phytomedicine, 9, 715–720;
18.
NunesGuedes D, SilvaDF, Barbosa-FilhoJM, Almeida deMedeiros I. (2004) Endothelium-dependent hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects of the essential oil from aerial parts of Mentha x villosa in rats. Phytomedicine, 11, 490–497.
19.
Hui-ChunHo J., HongCh. (2011) Salvianolic acids: small compounds with multiple mechanisms for cardiovascular protection. Journal of Biomedical Science, 18, 30. doi: 10.1186/1423-0127–18–30.
20.
GrangerDN, HollwarthME, ParksDA. (1986) Ischemia reperfusion injury. Role of oxygen-derived free radicals. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 548, 47–63;
21.
BauerV, SotnikovaR. (2014) Comparison of the effects of natural & synthetic antioxidants on altered muscle tension of the rat aorta evoked by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Journal of Natural Products (on-line), 7, 20–28;
22.
BroskováZ, DrábikováK, SotníkováR, FialováS, KnezlV. (2013) Effect of plant polyphenols on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the isolated rat heart and vessels. Phytotherapy Research, 27, 1018–1022;
23.
Nosál'ováV, SotníkováR, DrábikováK, FialováS, Košt'álováD, BanášováS, NavarováJ. (2010) Chemiluminescence response induced by mesenteric ischaemia/reperfusion: effect of antioxidative compounds ex vivo. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 3, 105–108;
24.
SotnikovaR, OkruhlicovaL, VlkovicovaJ, NavarovaJ, GajdacovaB, PivackovaL, FialovaS, KrenekP. (2013) Rosmarinic acid administration attenuates diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction of the rat aorta. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 65, 713–723.
25.
Pharmacopoea Bohemoslovaca PhBs IV. (1987) Avicenum, Praha.
26.
NagyM, SpilkováJ, VrchovskáV, KontšekováZ, ŠeršeňF, MučajiP, GrančaiD. (2006) Free radical scavenging activity of different extracts and some constituents from the leaves of Ligustrum vulgare and L. delavayanum. Fitoterapia, 77, 395–397;
