Activity-guided isolation of compounds from the fruits of Amomum xanthioides resulted in the purification of fourteen phenolic compounds, 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde (3), syringic aldehyde (4), benzoic acid (5), 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (6), vanillic acid (7), 3-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoic acid (8), o-vanillic acid (9), phenylacetic acid (10), tyrosol (11), pyrocatechol (12), 1,2,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene (13), and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethoxybiphenyl-4,4′-diol (14). To evaluate the anti-allergic inflammatory activities of these compounds, we examined the inhibitory effects of the isolates (1-14) on histamine release and on the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)–6 genes by using human mast cells. Of the tested compounds, 9, 11, and 13 suppressed histamine release from mast cells, and all isolates attenuated the expressions of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 genes in human mast cells.
WangJHShinJWChoiMKKimHGSonCG. (1995) An herbal fruit, Amomum xanthoides, ameliorates thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rat via antioxidative system. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 135, 344–350
2.
OuM. (1992) Chinese-English manual of common used in traditional Chinese medicine. Joint publishing, Hong Kong
3.
YingH, LiuJ, DuQ. (2014) Analysis and determination of oestrogen-active compounds in fructus amomi by the combination of high-speed counter-current chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B, 958, 36–42
4.
YamazakiT, MatsushitaY, KawashimaK, SomeyaM, NakajimaY, KurashigeT. (2000) Evaluation of the pharmacological activity of extracts from Amomi Semen on the gastrointestinal tracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71, 331– 335
5.
KimSHShinTY. (2005) Amomum xanthiodes inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic reactions through the inhibition of histamine release and inflammatory cytokine production. Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood), 230, 681–687.
6.
KimSHJunCDSukK, ChoiBJLimH, ParkS, LeeSHShinHYKimDKShinTY. (2006) Gallic acid inhibits histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mast cells. Toxicological Sciences, 91, 123–131
7.
ChoiHGLeeHDKimSHNaMKKimJALeeSH. (2013) Phenolic glycosides from Lindera obtusiloba and their anti-allergic inflammatory activities. Natural Product Communications, 8, 181–182.
8.
PouchertCJBehnkeJ. (1993) The Aldrich Library of 13C and 1H FT NMR Spectra. Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., 2, 306–1116
9.
MartinTSKikuzakiH, HisamotoM, NakataniN. (2000) Constituents of Amomum tsao-ko and their radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 77, 667–673
10.
BoseDSVenkat NarsaiahA. (2005) An efficient asymmetric synthesis of (S)-atenolol: using hydrolytic kinetic resolution. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 13, 627–630.
11.
KalesnikoffJ, GalliSJ. (2008) New developments in mast cell biology. Nature Immunology, 9, 1215–1223
12.
MengQ, VelalarCNRuanR. (2008) Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on mitochondrial integrity and antioxidative enzyme activity in the aging process of human fibroblasts. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 44, 1032–1041
13.
KroesBHvan den BergAJQuarles van UffordHCvan DijkH, LabadieRP. (1992) Anti-inflammatory activity of gallic acid. Planta Medica, 58, 499–504
14.
BachrachU, WangYC. (2002) Cancer therapy and prevention by green tea: role of ornithine decarboxylase. Amino Acids, 22, 1–13.
