The new lupane-type triterpenoid, 3β-hydroxy-lup-9(11), 12-diene, 28-oic acid (1), along with two known lupane-type triterpenoids, lupeol (2) and lupan-3p-ol (3), were isolated from the bark of Sonnetaria alba. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data analysis. Using the broth microdilution method, all compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 15-33 to 35-55 ng/mL, respectively.
TomlinsonPB. (1994) The botany of mangroves. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
2.
PoppM, PolaniaJ, WeiperM. (1993) Physiological adaptations to different salinity levels in mangrove. In Towards the rational use of high salinity olerant plants. LiethH, Al MasoomA. (Eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 217–224.
3.
HogarthPJ. (1999) The biology of mangrove. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
4.
BandaranayakeWM. (1998) Traditional and medicinal uses of mangroves. Mangroves and Salt Marshes, 2, 133–148.
5.
LaithAA, NajiahM, ZainSM, EffendySHM, SifzizulT, NadirahM, HabsahM. (2012) Antimicrobial activities of selected mangrove plants on fish pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11, 234–240.
6.
AzumaH, ToyotaM, AsakawaY, TakasoT, TobeH. (2002) Floral scent chemistry of mangrove plants. Journal of Plant Research, 115, 47–53.
7.
NoorYS, KhazaliM, SuryadipuraINN. (2006) Introduction guide of Indonesian mangroves. Directorate General of Forest Protection, Ministry of Forest, Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia.
8.
ChaiyadejK, WongthapH, VadhanavikitS, ChantraprommaK. (2004) Bioactive constituents from the twigs of Sonneratia alba. Walaik Journal of Science and Technology, 1, 15–22.
9.
MinqingT, HaofuD, XiaomingL, BinguiW. (2009) Chemical constituents of marine medicinal mangrove plant Sonneratia caseolaris. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 27, 288–296.
10.
PriyaPD, NiranjanaCS, AnjaliSB. (2012) Sonneratia alba J. Smith: A vital source og gamma linolenic acid (GLA). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 5, 171–175.
11.
OkuH, BabaS, KogaH, TakaraK, IwasakiH. (2003) Lipid composition of mangrove and its relevance to salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Research, 116, 37–45.
12.
KjerJ, WrayV, Edrada-EbelR, EbelR, PretschA, LinW, ProkschP. (2009) Xanalteric acids I and II and related phenolic compounds from an endophytic Alternaria sp. isolated from the mangrove plant Sonneratia alba. Journal of Natural Products, 72, 2053–2057.
13.
ZhouJ, LiCJ, YangJZ, MaJ, LiY, BaoXQ, ChenXG, ZhangD, ZhangDM. (2014) Lupane triterpenoids from the stems of Euonymus carnosus. Journal of Natural Products, 77, 276–284.
14.
NunezMJ, ReyesCP, JimenezIA, MoujirL, BazzocchiIL. (2005) Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species. Journal of Natural Products, 68, 1018–1021.
15.
ChenIH, DuYC, LuMC, LinAS, HsiehPW, WuCC, ChenSL, YenHF, ChangFR, WuYC. (2008) Lupane-type triterpenoids from Microtropis fokienensis and Perrottetia arisanensis and the apoptotic effect of 28-hydroxy-3-oxo-lup-20(29)-en-30-al. Journal of Natural Products, 71, 1352–1357.
16.
LeeSY, KimHK, LeeKR. (2013) Four new triterpenes from Ilex cornuta Lindley. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 91, 382–386.
17.
PuapairojP, NaengchomnongW, KijjoaA, PintoMM, PedroM, NascimentoMSJ, SilvaAMS, HerzW. (2005) Cytotoxic activity of lupane-type triterpenes from Glochidion spharogynum and Glochidion eriocarpum two of which induce apoptosis. Planta Medica, 71, 208–213.
18.
PrashantA, KrupadanamGLD. (1993) Dehydro-6-hydroxyrotenoid and lupenone from Tephrosia villosa. Phytochemistry, 32, 484–486.
19.
FujiokaT, KashiwadaY. (1994) Anti-AIDS agents 11, betulinic acid and platanic acid as anti-HIV principles from Syzigium claviflorum and the anti-HIV activity of strcturally related triterpenoids. Journal of Natural Products, 57, 243–247.
20.
MaZ, HanoY, QiuF, ChenY, NomuraT. (2004) Determination of the absolute stereochemistry of lupane triterpenoids by fucofuranoside method and ORD spectrum. Tetrahedron Letters, 45, 3261–3263.
21.
ChaturvedulaVSP, SchillingJK, JohnsonRK, KingstonDGI. (2003) New cytotoxic lupane triterpenoids from the twigs of Coussarea paniculata. Journal of Natural Products, 66, 419–422.
22.
SrivastavaP, Jyotshna GuptaN, MauryaAK, ShankerK. (2013) New anti-inflammatory triterpene from the root of Ricinus communis. Natural Product Research, 27, 1–6.
23.
AyerWA, FlanaganRJ, ReffstrupT. (1984) Metabolites of bird's nest fungi-19. New triterpenoid carboxylic acids from Cyathus striatus and Cyathus pygmaeus. Tetrahedron, 11, 2069–2082.
24.
AdegboyeMF, AkinpeluDA, OkohA. (2008) The bioactive and phytochemical properties of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seed extract on some pathogens. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 3934–3938.
25.
EloffJN. (1998) A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta Medica, 64, 711–713.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
