Reports on the chemical and pharmacological profile of the essential oil of Schinus weinmannifolius do not exist, although other Schinus species have been widely investigated for their biological activities. This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of S. weinmannifolius collected in the spring and winter. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC/MS and submitted to microdilution tests, to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The oils displayed different chemical composition and antimicrobial action. Bicyclogermacrene and limonene predominated in the oils extracted in the winter and spring, respectively, whereas only the latter oil exhibited antifungal activity.
PellS.K., MitchellJ.D., MillerA.J., LobovaT.A. (2011) Anacardiaceae. In The families and genera of vascular plants. X. Flowering plants. Eudicots. Sapindales, Cucurbilates, Myrtales.KubitzkiK. (Ed). Springer, Berlin, p. 7–50.
2.
CorreiaS.J., DavidJ.P., DavidJ.M. (2006) Metabólitos secundários de espécies de Anacardiaceae [Secondary metabolities from Anacardeaceae species]. Quimica Nova, 29, 1287–1300.
3.
(a) ErazoS., DelporteC., NegreteR., GarcιaR., ZaldívarM., IturraG., CaballeroE., LópezJ.L., BackhouseN. (2006) Constituents and biological activities of Schinus polygamus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107, 395–400; (b) Kweka EJ, Nyindo M, Mosha F, Silva AG. (2011) Insecticidal activity of the essential oil from fruits and seeds of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi against African malaria vectors. Parasites & Vectors, 4, 1–10.
4.
MurrayA.P., RodriguezS.A., MurrayM.G. (2008) Antioxidant activity and chemical composition of essential oils from Schinus fasciculata (Griseb.) I.M. Johnst and S. praecox (Griseb.) Speg., Natural Product Communications, 3, 1551–1556; (b) Murray AP, Vela Gurovic MS, Rodriguez SA, Murray MG, Ferrero AA. (2009) Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of essential oils from Schinus areira L. and Schinus longifolia (Lindl.) Speg. Natural Product Communications, 4, 873–876; (c) Guerra-Boone L, Álvarez-Román R, Salazar-Aranda R, Torres-Cirio A, Rivas-Galindo VM, Waksman de Torres N, González GMG, Pérez-López LA. (2013) Chemical compositions and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from Magnolia grandiflora, Chrysactinia mexicana, and Schinus molle found in Northeast Mexico. Natural Product Communications, 8, 135–138; (d) Descamps LR, Chopa CS, Ferrero AA. (2011) Activity of Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) essential oils against the grain storage pest Tribolium castaneum. Natural Product Communications, 6, 887–891; (e) Nascimento AF, Camara CAG, Moraes MM, Ramos CS. (2012) Essential oil composition and acaricidal activity of Schinus terebinthifolius from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Brazil against Tetranychus urticae. Natural Product Communications, 7, 129–132.
NascimentoP.F.C., NascimentoA.C., RodriguesC.S., AntoniolliA.A., SantosP.O., Barbosa JuniorA.M., TrindadeR.C. (2007) Antimicrobial activity of the essentials oils: a multifactor approach of the methods. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 17, 108–113.
9.
DelaquisP.J., StanichK., GiradB., MazzaG. (2002) Antimicrobial activity of individual and mixed fractions of dill, cilantro, coriander, and eucalyptus essential oils. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 74, 101–109.
10.
BarbosaL.C.A., DemunerA.J., ClementeA.D., PaulaV.F., IsmailF.M.D. (2007) Seasonal variation in the composition of volatile oils from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Quimica Nova, 30, 1959–1965.
11.
CheeH Y., KimH., LeeM.H. (2009) In vitro antifungal activity of limonene against Trichophyton rubrum. Mycobiology, 37, 243–246.
12.
HammerK.A., CarsonC.F., RileyT.V. (2003) Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 95, 853–860.
13.
AggarwalK.K., KhanujaS.P.S., AhmadA., KumarT.R.S., GuptaV.K., KumarS. (2002) Antimicrobial activity profiles of the two enantiomers of limonene and carvone isolated from the oils of Mentha spicata and Anethum sow. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17, 59–63.
14.
UribeS., RamirezT., PenaA. (1985) Effects of β-pinene on yeast membrane functions. Journal of Bacteriology, 161, 195–200.
15.
SilvaA.C.R., LopesP.M., AzevedoM.M.B., CostaD.C.M., AlvianoC.S., AlvianoD.S. (2012) Biological activities of α-pinene and β-pinene enantiomers. Molecules, 17, 6305–6316.
16.
KalembaD., KunickaA. (2003) Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 10, 813–829.
17.
BakkaliF., AverbeckS., AverbeckD.M., IdaomarM. (2008) Biological effects of essential oils - A review. Food and Chemistry Toxicology, 46, 446–447.
18.
SacchettiG., MaiettiS., MuzzoliM., ScagliantiM., ManfrediniS., RadiceM., BruniR. (2005) Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, anti-radicals and antimicrobials in foods. Food and Chemistry, 91, 621–632.
19.
ValerianoC., PiccoliR.H., CardosoM.G., AlvesE. (2012) Atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais em bactérias patogênicas de origem alimentar [Antimicrobial activity of essential oil against sessile and planktonic pathogens of food source]. Brazilian Journals of Medicinal Plants, Botucatu, 14, 57–67.
20.
SfeirJ., LefrançoisC., BaudouxD., DerbréS., LicznarP. (2013) In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils against Streptococcus pyogenes. Evidence- based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–9.
21.
GriffinS.G., WyllieS.G., MarkhamJ.L., LeachD.N. (1999) The role of structure and molecular properties of terpenoids in determining their antimicrobial activity. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 14, 322–332.
22.
CuradoM.A., OliveiraC.B.A., JesusJ.G., SantosS.C., SeraphinJ.C., FerriP.H. (2006) Environmental factors influence on chemical polymorphism of the essential oils of Lychnophora ericoides. Phytochemistry, 67, 2363–2369.
23.
FigueiredoA.C., BarrosoJ.G., PedroL.G., SchefferJ.J.C. (2008) Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: volatile components and essential oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 23, 213–226.
24.
MarzoukiaH., ElaissibA., KhaldicA., BouziddS., FalconierieD., MarongiuB., PirasaA., PorceddaaS. (2009) Seasonal and geographical variation of Laurus nobilis L. essential oil from Tunisia. The Open Natural Products Journal, 2, 86–91.
25.
AdamsR. (1995) Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography / mass spectroscopy.Allured Publ. Corp., Carol Stream.
26.
CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2012) Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; Document M7-A9: Approved standard - Ninth edition.
27.
CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2008) Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; Document M27A3: Approved standard-Third edition.
28.
CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2008) Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; Document M38-A2: Approved standard- Second edition.
