The chemical composition and biological activity of cultivated and wild medicinal and aromatic plants from Morocco (Artemisia herba-alba, Lippia citriodora, Mentha pulegium, M. spicata, Myrtus communis, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Thymus satureioides) are described. The essential oils (EOs) of these species have been analyzed by GC-MS. The antifeedant, nematicidal and phytotoxic activities of the EOs were tested on insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi), root-knot nematodes (Meloydogine javanica) and plants (Lactuca sativa, Lolium perenne and Lycopersicum esculentum). EOs from A. herba-alba, M. pulegium and R. officinalis were strong antifeedants against S. littoralis, M. persicae and R. padi. EOs from L. citriodora, M. spicata and T. satureioides showed high nematicidal activity. These biological effects are explained by the activity of the major EO components and/or synergistic effects.
González-ColomaA., ReinaM., DíazC.E., FragaB.M., Santana-MéridasO. (2013) Natural product-based biopesticides for insect control. In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Engineering.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.02770-0.
2.
GoindarajanM., SivakumarR., RajeswaryM., YogalakshmiK. (2013) Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oil from Ocimum basilicum (L.) against Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus and Anopheles subpictus (Diptera:Culicidae). Experimental Parasitology, 134, 7–11.
3.
AndrésM.F., González-ColomaA., SanzJ., BurilloJ., SainzP. (2012) Nematicidal activity of essential oils: a review. Phytochemistry Reviews, 11, 371–390.
4.
El MidaouiM., MaataoiuA., BenbellaM., HoussaA.A., LabaziN. (2011) Ethnobotanical study of some aromatic and medicinal plants in the Middle Atlas mountains of Morocco. Natural Product Communications, 6, 1455–1458.
5.
AmriL., De MartinoL., MarandinoA., LamiaH., MohsenH., ScandoleraE., De FeoV., ManciniE. (2013) Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil from Artemisia herba-alba growing wild in Tunisia. Natural Product Communications, 8, 407–410.
6.
BensabahF., LamiriA., NajaJ. (2014) Effect of purified wastewater from the city of Settat (Morocco) on the quality of Lippia citriodora essential oil and infusion. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2014.03.001.
7.
ZekriN., AmalichS., BoughdadA., Al BelghitiM.A., ZairT. (2013) Phytochemical study and insecticidal activity of Mentha pulegium L. oils from Morocco against Sitophilus oryzae. Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry, 2, 607–619.
8.
BensabahF., LamiriA., NajaJ. (2013) Effect of purified wastewater from the city of Settat (Morocco) on the quality of spearmint essential oil (Mentha spicata). IRACST-Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal (ESTIJ), 3, 44–48.
9.
CherratL., EspinaL., BakkaliM., García-GonzaloD., PagánR., LaglaouiaA. (2014) Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Laurus nobilis L. and Myrtus communis L. essential oils from Morocco and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity acting alone or in combined processes for food preservation. Journal of the Science and Food Agriculture, 94, 1197–1204.
10.
MiladiH., Ben SlamaR., MiliD., ZouariS., BakhroufA., AmmarA. (2013) Essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens. Natural Science, 5, 729–739.
11.
El BouzidiL., Alaoui-JamaliC., BekkoucheK., HassaniL., WohlmuthH., LeachD., AbbadA. (2013) Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils obtained from wild and cultivated Moroccan Thymus species. Industrial Crops and Products, 43, 450–456.
12.
IchrakG., RimB., LoubnaA.S., KhalidO., AbderrahmaneR., SaidE.M. (2011) Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from Thymus satureioides and Thymus pallidus. Natural Product Communications, 6, 1507–1510.
13.
SharifianI., HashemiS.M., AghaeiM., AlizadehM. (2012) Insecticidal activity of Artemisia herba-alba Asso against three stored product beetles. Biharean Biologist, 6, 90–93.
14.
KhaniA., BasavandF., RakhsnaniE. (2012) Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of lemon verbena essential oil. Journal of Crop Protection, 1, 313–320.
15.
KediaA., PrakashB., MishraP.K., ChanotiyaC.S., DuvalN.K. (2014) Antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and insecticidal efficacy of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) essential oil. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 89, 29–36.
16.
KhaniA., BasavandF. (2012) Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) essential oil against two stored products pest. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 2, 83–89.
17.
SaeidiM., MoharramipourS. (2013) Insecticidal and repellent activities of Artemisia khorassanica, Rosmarinus officinalis and Mentha longifolia essential oils on Tribolium confusum. Journal of Crop Protection, 2, 23–31.
18.
PavelaR. (2009) Larvicidal property of essential oils against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera:Culicidae). Industrial Crops and Products, 30, 311–315.
19.
TongF., CoatsJ.R. (2011) Quantitative structure-activity relationships of monoterpenoid binding activities to the housefly GABA receptor. Pest Management Science, 68, 1122–1129.
20.
Caballero-GallardoK., Olivero-VerbelJ., StashenkoE.E. (2011) Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 1690–1696.
21.
SzczepanikM., DamsI., WawrzenczykC. (2008) Terpenoid lactones with the p-menthane system as feeding deterrents to the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 128, 337–345.
22.
DancewiczK., GabryzB., DamsI., WawrzenczykC. (2008) Enantiospecific effect of pulegone-derived lactones on Myzus persicae (Sulz.) settling and feeding. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 34, 530–538.
23.
LeeS., TsaoR., CoatsJ.R. (1999) Influence of dietary applied monoterpenoids and derivatives on survival and growth of the European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 92, 56–67.
24.
YuS.J. (2000) Allelochemical induction of hormone-metabolizing microsomal monooxygenases in the fall armyworm. Zoological Studies, 39, 243–249.
25.
OkaY., NacarS., PutievskyE., RavidU., YanivZ., SpiegelY. (2000) Nematicidal activity of EOs and their components against the root-knot nematode. Phytopathology, 90, 710–715.
26.
NtalliN.G., FerrariF., GinnakouI., Menkissglu-SpiroudiU. (2011) Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of terpenes against Meloidogyne incognita and the nematicidal activity of EOs from seven plants indigenous to Greece. Pest Management Science, 67, 341–351.
27.
DuschatzkyC.B., MartinezA.N., AlmeidaN.V., BonivardoS.L. (2004) Nematicidal activity of the essential oils of several Argentina plants against the root-knot nematode. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16, 626–628.
28.
Mc LaffertyF.W., StauffeD.B. (1989) Wiley/NBS Registry of Mass Spectral Data New York. ISBN: 978-0–471–62886–6, 7872, pp.
29.
AdamsR.P. (2001) Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectroscopy.Allured Pub. Corporation.Carol Stream, 804 p.
30.
Burgueño-TapiaE., CastilloL., González-ColomaA., Joseph-NathanP. (2008) Antifeedant and phytotoxic activity of the sesquiterpene p-benzoquinone perezone and some of its derivatives. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 34, 766–771.
31.
RaubenheimerD., SimpsonS.J. (1992) Analysis of covariance: an alternative to nutritional indices. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 62, 221–231.
32.
HortonR.D., RedakR.A. (1993) Further comments on analysis of covariance in insect dietary studies. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 69, 263–275.
33.
MoiteiroC., JoaoM., CurtoO.M., MohamedN., BailenM., Martínez-DíazR., González-ColomaA. (2006) Biovalorization of friedelane triterpenes derived from 10 cork processing industry byproducts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 3566–3571.
34.
Iftikhar HussainM., González-RodríguesL., ReigosaM. (2008) Germination and growth response of four plant species to different allelochemicals and herbicides. Allelopathy Journal, 22, 101–110.
