The essential oil compositions of the different plant parts of wild growing caraway (Carum carvi, Apiaceae) were analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. The plants came from two meadows in the Vienna region, Austria. The oils from young fruits had a high proportion of limonene (61-83%), and those from inflorescences limonene (39-62%) and germacrene D (23-41%). The carvone contents of fruits, inflorescences and leaves varied greatly. Leaves and stems, low in volatiles, were dominated by germacrene D and germacrene A. Therefore, wild caraway appears as a valuable aromatic herb in meadows.
NemethE. (1998) Caraway. The Genus Carum. Harwood Academic Publishers, the Netherlands. 9–154
2.
RaalA, ArakE, OravA. (2012) The content and composition of the essential oil found in Carum carvi L. commercial fruits obtained from different countries. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 24, 53–59
3.
ESCOP. (2003) Carvi Fructus - Caraway fruit. In ESCOP Monographs 2nd ed. ESCOP (European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy), Exeter, UK, and Thieme, Stuttgart, Germany. 64–69
4.
LaribiB, KoukiK, MougouA, MarzoukB. (2010) Fatty acid and essential oil composition of three Tunisian caraway (Carum carvi L.) seed ecotypes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90, 391–396
5.
SedlakovaJ, KocourkovaB, LojkovaL, KubanV. (2003) The essential oil content in caraway species (Carum carvi L.). Horticultural Science (Prague), 30, 73–79
6.
LawrenceBM. (2012) Progress in essential oils. Himalayan cedarwood oil, ginger oil, caraway oil. Perfumer and Flavorist, 37, 42–52.
7.
RadulovićNS, DordevićND, PalićRM. (2010) Volatiles of Pleurospermum austriacum (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae). Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 75, 1653–1660
8.
ChizzolaR. (2010) Essential oil composition of wild growing Apiaceae from Europe and the Mediterranean. Natural Product Communications, 5, 1477–1492
9.
SinghG, MarimuthuP, De HeluaniCS, CatalanCAN. (2006) Antioxidant and biocidal activities of Carum nigrum (seed) essential oil, oleoresin, and their selected components. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 174–181
ChalchatJC, ÖzcanMM, FigueredoG. (2011) The composition of essential oils of different parts of laurel, mountain tea, sage and ajowan. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 35, 484–499
12.
RadulovićN, DordevićN, PalićR, ZlatkovićB. (2010) Volatiles from the leaves of Carum graecum Boiss. et Heldr. subsp. graecum (Apiaceae) from Serbia. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 22, 518–520.
