A study of the composition of essential oils from aerial and underground parts of Geum rivale L. and Geum urbanum L. growing in Poland led to the identification of 130 compounds. The main compound of the essential oil from underground parts of G. urbanum was eugenol (69.2%), whereas cis-myrtanal (53.3%) was the major constituent of the essential oil from roots of G. rivale. The essential oils from aerial parts of the plants contained large amounts of aliphatic compounds with (Z)-3-hexenol (38.4%) being the dominant constituent of the essential oil from aerial parts of G. urbanum and 1-octen-3-ol (33.9%) from G. rivale.
StrzeleckaH, KowalskiJ. (2000) Encyklopedia zielarstwa i ziołolecznictwa. PWN, Warsaw, 261–262.
2.
MackůJ, KrejčaJ. (1989) Atlas roślin leczniczych. Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolinskich - Wydawnictwo, Wroclaw, 108–110.
3.
GstirnerF, WidenmannH. (1964) Contents of the rhizoma of Geum urbanum. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 32, 98–104.
4.
PanizziL, CatalanoS, MiarelliC. (2000) In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and isolated constituents of Geum rivale. Phytotherapy Research, 14, 561–563.
5.
ShahaniS, Monsef-EsfahaniHR. (2011) Chemical composition of essential oil and hydrolate of Geum iranicum Khatamaz. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 23, 29–33.
6.
VollmanC, SchultzeW. (1995) Composition of the root essential oils of several Geum species and related members of the subtribe Geinae (Rosaceae). Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 10, 173–178.
7.
PramodK, AnsariSH, AliJ. (2010) Eugenol: a natural compound with versatile pharmacological actions. Natural Product Communications, 5, 1999–2006.
8.
NagababuE, RifkindJM, BoindalaS, NakkaL. (2010) Assessment of antioxidant activity of eugenol in vitro and in vivo. Methods in Molecular Biology, 610, 165–180.
9.
ShapiroS, MeierA, GuggenheimB. (1994) The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and essential oil components towards oral bacteria. Oral Microbiology and Immunology, 9, 202–208.
10.
CampanielloD, CorboMR, SinigagliaM. (2010) Antifungal activity of eugenol against Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium species. Journal of Food Protection, 73, 1124–1128.
11.
ParkSH, SimYB, LeeJK, KimSM, KangYJ, JungJS, SuhHW. (2011) The analgesic effects and mechanisms of orally administered eugenol. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 34, 501–507.
12.
GarabaduD, ShahA, AhmadA, JoshiVB, SaxenaB, PalitG, KrishnamurthyS. (2011) Eugenol as an anti-stress agent: modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain monoaminergic systems in a rat model of stress. Stress, 14, 145–155.
13.
VidhyaN, DevarajSN. (2011) Induction of apoptosis by eugenol in human breas cancer cells. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 49, 871–878.
14.
SantinJR, LemosM, Klein-JúnorLC, MachadoID, CostaP, de OliveiraAP, TiliaC, de SouzaJP, de SousaJP, BastosJk, de AndradeSF. (2011) Gastroprotective activity of essential oil of the Syzygium aromaticum and its major component eugenol in different animal models. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 383, 871–878.
15.
OrhanI, DemirciB, OmarI, SiddiquiH, KayaE, ChoudharyMI, Ecevit-GenG, ÖzhatayN, ŞenerB, BaşerK, HüsnüC. (2010) Essential oil compositions and antioxidant properties of the roots of twelve Anatolian Paeonia taxa with special reference to chromosome counts. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48, 10–16.
16.
GuptaN, SaxenaG, KalraSS. (2011) Antimicrobial activity pattern of certain terpenoids. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2, 87–91.
17.
RadulovićN, BlagojevićP, PalićR. (2010) Comparative study of leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae). Molecules, 15, 6168–6185.
