A glucuronomannan (AA-4-H, Mw around 4 KDa) was prepared from the fruit bodies of Auricularia auricala by extraction with hot water, deproteination by Sevag reagent, stepwise precipitation with ethanol and partial acid hydrolysis. Monosaccharides analysis revealed that AA-4-H consisted of 91% mannose (Man) and 9% glucuronic acid (GlcA). FT-IR, NMR and methylation analyses indicated that AA-4-H is a branched glucuronomannan. Its main chains are composed of 1, 3-linked α-Manp, side chains are single α-Manp or α-GlcA residues attached to the O-2 and O-6 of Man residues of the main chains. Bioassay indicated that AA-4-H remarkably enhanced B lymphocyte proliferation and increased the production of nitric oxide of macrophages in vitro. Thus, glucuronomannan AA-4-H could be explored as a potential immunostimulation agent.
SoneY, KakutaM, MisakiA. (1978) Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides of ‘kikurage’, fruit body of Auricularia auricula-judae. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 42, 417–425
2.
ZhangL, YangL, DingQ, ChenX. (1995) Studies on molecular weights of polysaccharides of Auricularia auricula-judae. Carbohydrate Research, 270, 1–10
3.
MaZ, WangJ, ZhangL. (2008) Structure and chain conformation of β-glucan isolated from Auricularia auricula-judae. Biopolymers, 89, 614–622
4.
MisakiA, KakutaM, SasakiT, TanakaM, MiyajiH. (1981) Studies on interrelation of structure and antitumor effects of polysaccharides: Antitumor action of periodate-modified, branched (1→3)-β-D-glucan of auricularia auricula-judae, and other polysaccharides containing (1→3)-glycosidic linkages. Carbohydrate Research, 92, 115–129
5.
MaZ, ZhangL, NishiyamaY, MaraisMF, MazeauK, VignonM. (2011) The molecular structure and solution conformation of an acidic heteropolysaccharide from Auricularia auricula-judae. Biopolymers, 95, 217–227.
6.
DuX, ZhangJ, YangY, YeL, TangQ, JiaW, LiuY, ZhouS, HaoR, GongC, PanY. (2009) Structural elucidation and immuno-stimulating activity of an acidic heteropolysaccharide (TAPA1) from Tremella aurantialba. Carbohydrate Research, 344, 672–678.
NiW, ZhangX, BiH, ItekuJ, JiL, SunC, FangJ, TaiG, ZhouY, ZhaoJ. (2009) Preparation of a glucan from the roots of Rubus crataegifolius Bge. and its immunological activity. Carbohydrate Research, 344, 2512–2518.
9.
KimGY, OhYH, ParkYM. (2003) Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus induces nitric oxide-mediated tumoricidal activity of macrophages through protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 309, 399–407.
10.
KimWS, OrdijaCM, FreemanMW. (2003) Activation of signaling pathways by putative scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) ligands requires CD14 but not SR-A. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 310, 542–549.
11.
FujitaT, MatsushitaM, EndoY. (2004) The lectin-complement pathway-its role in innate immunity and evolution. Immunological Reviews, 198, 185–202.
12.
KilpatrickDC. (2002) Mannan-binding lectin and its role in innate immunity. Transfusion Medicine, 12, 335–352.
13.
ShepherdVL, TarnowskiBI, McLaughlinBJ. (1991) Isolation and characterization of a mannose receptor from human pigment epithelium. Investigative Ophthalmol Visual Science, 32, 1779–1784
14.
LewDB, Songu-MizeE, PontowSE, StahlPD, RattazziMC. (1994) A mannose receptor mediates mannosyl-rich glycoprotein-induced mitogenesis in bovine airway smooth muscle cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 94, 1855–1863
15.
LinehanSA, Martinez-PomaresL, StahlPD, GordonS. (1999) Mannose receptor and its putative ligands in normal murine lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs: in situ expression of mannose receptor by selected macrophages, endothelial cells, perivascular microglia, and mesangial cells, but not dendritic cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 189, 1961–1972.
16.
HondaS, AkaoE, SuzukiS, OkudaM, KakehiK, NakamuraJ. (1989) High-performance liquid chromatography of reducing carbohydrates as strongly ultraviolet-absorbing and electrochemically sensitive 1-phenyl-3-methyl5-pyrazolone derivatives. Analytical Biochemistry, 180, 351–357.
