Two new acyclic diterpenoids, smaditerpenic acid E (1a) and F (2a), along with nineteen melampolide-type sesquiterpene lactones, six of them not previously reported in yacon, were isolated from the methylene chloride leaf rinse extract. Their structures were elucidated from 1D and 2D NMR experiments and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
ValentováK, SersenF, UlrichováJ. (2005) Radical scavenging and anti-lipoperoxidative activities of Smallanthus sonchifolius leaf extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 535577-5582.
2.
AybarMJ, SánchezRiera AN, GrauA, SánchezSS. (2001) Hypoglycemic effect of the water extract of Smallantus sonchifolius (yacon) leaves in normal and diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74125-132.
3.
BaroniS, Suzuki-KemmelmeierF, Caparroz-AssefSM, CumanRkn, Bersani-AmadoCA. (2008) Effect of crude extracts of leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) on glycemia in diabetic rats. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 44521-530.
4.
LachmanJ, FernandezEC, OrsakM. (2003) Yacon [Smallanthus sonchifolia (Poepp. et Endl.) H. Robinson] chemical composition and use - a review. Plant, Soil and Environment, 49283-290.
5.
GentaSB, CabreraWM, MercadoMI, GrauA, CatalanCA, SanchezSS. (2010) Hypoglycemic activity of leaf organic extracts from Smallanthus sonchifolius: Constituents of the most active fractions. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 185143-152.
6.
TeradaS, ItohK, NoguchiN, IshidaT. (2009) Alpha-glucosidase for blood glucose level elevation and functional food containing tricaffeoylaldaric acid and method for producing tricaffeoylaldaric acid. United States Patent Application Publication, US 2009/0209649 A1.
7.
GrauA, ReaJ. (1997)Yacon. Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.)RobinsonH. In Andean roots and tuber: Ahipa, Arracacha, Maca and Yacon. Promoting the conservation and use of underulitized crops.HermannM, HellerJ (Eds). Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/IPGRI, Rome, Italys.
8.
InoueA, TamogamiS, KatoH, NakazatoY, AkiyamaM, KodamaO, AkatsukaT, HashidokoY. (1995) Antifungal melampolides from leaf extracts of Smallanthus sonchifolius. Phytochemistry, 39845-848.
9.
LinF, HasegawaM, KodamaO. (2003) Purification and identification of antimicrobial sesquiterpene lactones from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) leaves. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 672154-2159.
10.
SchorrK, MerfordI, Da CostaFB. (2007) A novel dimeric melampolide and further terpenoids from Smallanthus sonchifolius (Asteraceae) and the inhibition of the transcription factor NF-kB. Natural Product Communications, 2367-374.
11.
HongSS, LeeSA, HanXH, LeeMH, HwangJS, ParkJS, OhKW, HanK, LeeMK, LeeH, KimW, LeeD, HwangBY. (2008) Melampolides from the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius and their inhibitory activity of LPS-induced nitric oxide production. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 56199-202.
12.
DouDQ, TianF, QiuYK, XiangZ, XuBX, KangTG, DongF. (2010) Studies on chemical constituents of the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon): Structures of two new diterpenes. Natural Product Research, 2440-47.
13.
KakutaH, SekiT, HashidokoY, MizutaniJ. (1992) Ent-kaurenic acid and its related compounds from glandular trichome exudate and leaf extracts of Polymnia sonchifolia. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 561562-1564.
14.
DouDQ, TianF, QiuYK, ZhengX, BiXX, KangTG, DongF. (2010) Studies on chemical constituents of the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon): Structures of two new diterpenes. Natural Product Research, 2440-47.
15.
QiuYK, KangTG, DouDQ, LiangL, DongF. (2008) Three novel compounds from the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 101109-1115.
16.
RagasaCY, AlimboyoguenAB, UrbanS, RagaDD. (2008) A bioactive diterpene from Smallanthus sonchifolius. Natural Product Communications, 31663-1666.
17.
FeltensteinMW, SchühlyW, WarnickJE, FischerNH, SufkaKJ. (2004)Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects of sesquiterpene lactones from Magnolia and Bear's foot. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behaviour, 79299-302.
18.
HwangD, FischerNH, JangBC, TakH, KimJK, LeeW. (1996)Inhibition of the expression of inducible cyclooxygenase and proinflammatory cytokines by sesquiterpene lactones in macrophages correlates with the inhibition of MAP kinases. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 226810-818.
19.
ZhengX, HeF, KangTG, DouDQ, GaiK, ShiYY, KimYH, DongF. (2010) Anti-diabetes constituents in leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius. Natural Product Communications, 595-98.
20.
AliE, GhoshDpp, PakrashiSC, DurhamLJ, DuffieldAM. (1972) Studies on Indian medicinal plants-XXVIII: Sesquiterpene lactones of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Structures of enhydrin, fluctuanin and fluctuadin. Tetrahedron, 282285-2298.
21.
Le VanN, FischerNH. (1979) Three new melampolide sesquiterpenes, polymatin A, B and C, from Polymnia maculata Cav. var. maculata. Phytochemistry, 18851-854.
