The volatile composition of rhizomes of Valeriana wallichii DC has been studied by GC, GC/MS and NMR spectroscopy. Sesquiterpenes were shown to be the main constituents (>89.3%) comprising kanokonyl acetate (42.4%), γ-curcumene (10.7%), ar-curcumene (7.2%), (Z)-β-farnesene (3.2%), xanthorrhizol (4.1%), 7-epi-α-selinene (2.2%), valeranone (2.0%) and curcuphenol (1.4%). The unique presence of kanokonyl acetate and the complete absence of the earlier reported chemotype marker constituents of Indian valerian viz. maaliol and patchouli alcohol makes the composition significant.
NewallCA, AndersonLA, PhillipsonJD. (1996) Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.;
4.
Anonymous (1976). In: The Wealth of India; A Dictionary of Raw Materials and Industrial Products. CSIR Publication, Delhi, India, 10, 425–427;
5.
PrakashV. (1999) Indian Valerianaceae: A Monograph on a Medicinally Important Family. Scientific Publication: Jodhpur (India).
6.
British Pharmacopoeia. Her Majesty's Stationery Office: London (1988);
7.
European Pharmacopoeia. 2nd edn., Council of Europe: Strasbourg (1995);
8.
LeathwoodPD, ChauffardF. (1985). Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man. Planta Medica, 2, 144–148;
9.
BaldererG, BorbelyA. (1985) Effect of valerian on human sleep. Psychopharmacology, 87, 406–409;
10.
WagnerH, JurcicK, SchaetteR. (1980) Comparative studies on the sedative action of Valeriana extracts, valepotriates and their degradation products. Planta Medica, 37, 358–362.
11.
GilaniAH, KhanA, JaeenQ, SubhanF, GhafarR. (2005) Antispasmodic and blood pressure lowering effects of Valeriana wallichii are mediated through K+ channel activation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100, 347–352.
12.
HoughtonPJ. (1988) The biological activity of Valerian and related plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 22, 121–122;
13.
HoughtonPJ. (1999) The scientific basis for the reputed activity of Valerian. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 51, 505–512;
14.
HoughtonPJ. (1997) Valerian, the Genus Valeriana. Harwood Academic Press, The Netherlands.
15.
TangY, LiuX, YuB. (2002) Iridoids from the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana jatamansi. Journal of Natural Products, 65, 1949–1952.
16.
GuptaLM, RanaRC, RainaR, GuptaM. (2004) Screening of Indian valerian (Valeriana jatamansi) populations for valepotriates and essential oil contents. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Sciences, 26, 700–706.
17.
BosR, WoerdenbagHJ, HendriksH, FrisoSmit H, WikströmHV, SchefferJJC. (1997) Composition of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Valeriana wallichii DC. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 12, 123–131.
18.
KumarA, YadavA, ChanotiyaCS, KhanIA, AliI. (2008) Composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of commercial Valeriana wallichii DC. Indian Perfumer, 52, 34–38.
19.
MathelaCS, DevV. (2003) Chemical variations among natural and commercial Valerian (V. wallichii DC) samples. Indian perfumer, 47, 25–27.
20.
KulkarniKS, PaknikarSK, BhattacharyyaSC. (1964) Structure and stereochemistry of hydroxyvaleranone and acetylhydrovaleranone. Tetrahedron Letters, 20, 1289–1300.
21.
MathelaCS, ChanotiyaCS, SammalSS, PantAK, PandeyS. (2005) Compositional diversity of terpenoids in the Himalayan Valeriana genera. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2, 1174–1182;
22.
MathelaCS, TewariM, SammalSS, ChanotiyaCS. (2005) Valeriana wallichii DC, a new chemotype from Northwestern Himalaya. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17, 672–675;
23.
SatiS, ChanotiyaCS, MathelaCS. (2005) Comparative investigations on the leaf and root oils of Valeriana wallichii DC from Northwestern Himalaya. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17, 408–409;
24.
SatiS, MathelaCS. (2005) Essential oil composition of Valeriana hardwickii var. arnottiana from the Himalaya. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20, 299–301;
25.
MathelaCS, ChanotiyaCS, SatiS, TiwariM, SammalSS. (2006) Chemical perspectives of Tagar, an Ayurvedic drug. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 5, 474–478;
26.
MathelaCS, ChanotiyaCS, SatiS, SammalSS, WrayV. (2007) Epoxysesquithujene, a novel sesquiterpenoid from Valeriana hardwickii var. hardwickii. Fitoterapia, 78, 279–282.
27.
FokialakisN, MagiatisP, MitakuS. (2002) Essential oil constituents of Valeriana italica and Valeriana tuberosa. Stereochemical and conformational study of 15-acetoxyvaleranone. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 57, 791–796.
28.
NishiyaK, KimuraT, TakeyaK, ItokawaH. (1992) Sesquiterpenoids and iriodoid glycosides from Valeriana fauriei. Phytochemistry, 31, 3511–3514.
29.
HikinoH, HikinoY, TakemotoT. (1963) Structure of kanokonol. Chemical and Pharmaceutical bulletin, 11, 1210–1212;
30.
HikinoH, TakeshitaY, HikinoY, TakemotoT. (1967) Constituents of valeranone and derivatives. Yakugaku Zasshi, 87, 1035–1039;
31.
HikinoH, HikinoY, TakemotoT. (1965) Structure and absolute configuration of kanokonol. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 13, 1417–1421.
32.
Torres-ValenciaJM, Meléndez-RodríguezM, Álvarez-GarcíaR, Cerda-García-RojasCM, Joseph-NathanP. (2004) DFT and NMR parameterized conformation of valeranone. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 42, 898–902.
33.
AdamsRP. (1995) Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass spectroscopy. Allured Publ. Corp., Carol Stream, IL;
34.
AdamsRP. (2001) Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/ Quadrupole Mass spectrometry. Allured Publ. Corp., Carol Stream, IL.