The genus Salvia L. (Tribe Mentheae) is the largest of the Lamiaceae with 1000 species widespread throughout the world. Phytochemical studies of several Salvia species have established an interesting chemical profile for the genus including sterols, flavonoids and triterpenoids. However, the most characteristic secondary metabolites of the genus are diterpenoids. One of the most distinguishing features of Salvia genus is the number of rearranged diterpene skeletons isolated from these plants. Until now, over 30 rearranged diterpene skeletons have been described for both Old and New World representatives of the genus. In this review, a survey of recent literature data regarding rearranged clerodane and abietane diterpenoids from American Salvia species is presented.
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