The present investigation on Heliotropium species was carried out in an attempt to detect possible replication inhibitors of Hantavirus variety Andes. Using the plaque inhibition assay, we have evaluated a group of compounds and resins isolated from Heliotropium species. The antiviral activity was determined between the concentration range 2.5-40.0 μg/mL. Antiviral activity was detected in all the tested resins, particularly that of H. huascoense, with an EC50 value of 12.5 μg/mL. Of the pure compounds tested, the aromatic geranyl derivative filifolinone was the most active. The EC50 value of this compound, 11.3 μg/mL, was similar to that of the control, ribavirin. However, these substances were not selective, but this screening has served to identify those compounds with most promise.
JassimSA, NajiMA. (2003) Novel antiviral agents: a medicinal plant perspective. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 95, 412–427.
2.
TorresR, ModakB, UrzúaA, Delle MonacheF, DamonteE, PujolC. (2002) Propiedades antivirales de compuestos naturales y semisintéticos de la resina de Heliotropium filifolium. Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Química, 47, 259–253.
3.
ModakB, TorresR, LissiE, Delle MonacheF. (2003) Antioxidant capacity of flavonoids and a new arylphenol of the resinous exudate from Heliotropium sinuatum. Natural Product Research, 17, 403–407.
4.
LissiE, ModakB, TorresR, EscobarJ, UrzúaA. (1999) Total reactive antioxidant potential of resinous exudates from Heliotropium species. Free Radical Research, 30, 471–477.
5.
ModakB, ArrietaA, TorresR, UrzúaA. (2002) Actividad antibacteriana de flavonoides aislados del exudado resinoso de Heliotropium sinuatum: efecto del tipo de estructura. Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Química, 47, 19–23.
6.
ModakB, GalenoH, TorresR. (2004) Antiviral activity on Hantavirus and apoptosis of Vero cells of natural and semi-synthetic compounds from Heliotropium filifolium. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 49, 143–145.
7.
SotomayorV. (2005) Epidemiological report of Hantavirus in Chile. Boletín de Vigilancia en Salud Pública de Chile: El Vigía, 21, 35.
8.
SeversonW, SchmaljohnS, JavadianA, JonssonC. (2003) Ribavirin causes error catastrophe during Hantaan virus replication. Journal of Virology, 77, 481–488.
9.
TorresR, UrzúaA, VillarroelL, Delle MonacheF, Gacs-BaitzE. (1994) Filifolinol, a rearranged geranyl aromatic derivative from the resins exudate of Heliotropium filifolium. Phytochemistry, 36, 249–250.
10.
TorresR, ModakB, VillarroelL, UrzúaA, Delle MonacheF, Sanchez-FerrandoF. (1996) Flavonoides del exudado resinoso de Heliotropium sinuatum. Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Química, 41, 195–197.
11.
UrzúaA, ModakB, VillarroelL, TorresR, AndradeL. (1998) Comparative flavonoids composition of the resinous exudates from Heliotropium chenopodiaceum var. chenopodiaceum and Heliotropium chenopodiaceum var. ericoideum. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 26, 127–130.
12.
UrzúaA, ModakB, VillarroelL, TorresR, AndradeL, MendozaL, WilkensM. (2000) External flavonoids from Heliotropium megalanthum and Heliotropium huascoense (Boraginaceae) Chemotaxonomic considerations. Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Química, 45, 23–29.
13.
UrzúaA, ModakB, TorresR. (2001) Identification of a new aromatic geranyl derivative in the resinous exudates of the Heliotropium filifolium (Boraginaceae). Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Química, 46, 175–178.
14.
VillarroelL, TorresR, UrzúaA, ReinaM, CabreraR, Gonzalez-ColomaA (2001) Heliotropium huascoense resin exúdats. chemical constituents and defensive properties. Journal of Natural Products, 64, 1123–1126.
15.
SokmenM, AngelovaM, KrumovaE, PashovaS, IvanchevaS, SokmenA, SerkedjievaJ. (2005) In vitro antioxidant activity of polyphenol extracts with antiviral properties from Geranium sanguineum L. Life Science, 76, 2981–2993.
16.
LinC, ChengH, YangC, LinT. (2002) Antioxidant and antiviral activities of Euphorbia thymifolia L. Journal of Biomedical Science, 9, 656–664.
17.
ShahatA, CosP, De BruyneT, ApersS, HammoudaF, IsmailS, AzzamS, ClaeysM, GoovaertsE, PietersL, Vanden BergheD, VlietinckA. (2002) Antiviral and antioxidant activity of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins from Crataegus sinaica. Planta Médica, 68, 539–541.
18.
SokmenM, SerkedjievaJ, DafereraD, GalluceM, PolissiouM, TepeB, AkpulatA, SahinF, SokmenA. (2004) In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts from herbal parts and callus cultures of Origanum acutidens. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 52, 3309–3312.
19.
GalenoH, MoraJ, VillagraE, FernándezJ, HernándezJ, MertzG. (2002) First human isolate of Hantavirus (Andes virus) in the Americas. Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, 8, 657–661.
