Two new furostane saponins named hamoside A and B were isolated from the 80% ethanolic extract of the defatted seeds of Trigonella hamosa L. On the basis of chemical evidence and spectral analysis (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and positive ion MS), hamoside A (1) was established as (22ξ)-2α, 3β, 26-triol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-furost-5-ene, and hamoside B (2) as (22ξ)-2α, 3β, 26-triol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-furost-5-ene.
BoulosL. (1999) Flora of Egypt (Azollaceae-Oxalidaceae), Vol. 1. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo, Egypt, 419 pp.
2.
TäckholmV. (1974). Students’ Flora of Egypt, 2nd edition, Cairo University, Printed by Cooperative Printing Company, Beirut, 888 pp.
3.
StarkA, MadarZ. (1993) The effect of an ethanol extract derived from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on bile acid absorption and cholesterol levels in rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 69, 277–287.
4.
AliL, Azad KhanAK, HassanZ, MosihuzzamanM, NaharN, NasreenT, Nur-e-AlamM, RokeyaB. (1995) Characterization of the hypoglycemic effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed. Planta Medica, 61, 358–360.
5.
PetitPR, SauvaireYD, Hillaire-BuysDM, LeconteOM, BaissacYG, PonsinGR, RibesGR. (1995) Steroid saponins from fenugreek seeds: extraction, purification, and pharmacological investigation on feeding behavior and plasma cholesterol. Steroids, 60, 674–80.
6.
RavikumarP, AnuradhaCV. (1999) Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in diabetic rats. Phytotherapy Research, 13, 197–201.
7.
(a) SharmaRD, RaghuramTC, RaoNS. (1990) Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type I diabetes. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 44, 301–306;
8.
KhoslaP, GuptaDD, NagpalRK. (1995) Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) on blood glucose in normal and diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 39, 173–174;
9.
MohanV, BalasubramanyamM. (2001) Fenugreek and insulin resistance. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 49, 1055–1056;
10.
GroverJK, YadavS, VatsV. (2002) Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81, 81–100;
11.
MondalDK, YousufBM, BanuLA, FerdousiR, KhalilM, ShamimKM. (2004) Effect of fenugreek seeds on the fasting blood glucose level in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Mymensingh Medical Journal, 13, 161–164.
12.
TiranD. (2003) The use of fenugreek for breast feeding women. Complement Therapy Nurse Midwifery, 9, 155–156.
13.
PandianRS, AnuradhaCV, ViswanathanP. (2002) Gastroprotective effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on experimental gastric ulcer in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81, 393–397.
14.
HoodaS.JoodS. (2004) Nutritional evaluation of wheat-fenugreek blends for product making. Plant Foods Human Nutrition Fall, 59, 149–154.
15.
RajuJ, PatlollaJM, SwamyMV, RaoCV. (2004) Diosgenin, a steroid saponin of Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek), inhibits azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci formation in F344 rats and induces apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 13, 1392–1398.
16.
Bin-HafeezB, HaqueR, ParvezS, PandeyS, SayeedI, RaisuddinS. (2003) Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice. International Immunopharmacology, 3, 257–265.
17.
(a) YoshikawaM, MurakamiT, KomatsuH, MurakamiN, YamaharaJ, MatsudaH. (1997) Medicinal foodstuffs. IV. Fenugreek seed. (1): structures of trigoneosides Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb, new furostanol saponins from the seeds of Indian Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 45, 81–87;
18.
MurakamiT, KishiA, MatsudaH, YoshikawaM. (2000) Medicinal foodstuffs. XVII. Fenugreek seed. (3): Structures of new furostanol-type steroid saponins, trigoneosides Xa, Xb, XIb, XIIa, XIIb, and XIIIa, from the seeds of Egyptian Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 48, 994–1000;
19.
TaylorWG, ZulyniakHJ, RichardsKW, AcharyaSN, BittmanS. (2002) Elder variation in diosgenin levels among 10 accessions of fenugreek seeds produced in western Canada. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 5994–5997.
20.
HardmanR, FazliFR. (1972) Studies in the steroidal sapogenin yield from Trigonella foenum-graecum seed. Planta Medica, 21, 322–328.
21.
KawashtySA, AbdallaMF, Gamal El-DinEM, SalehNAM. (1998) The chemosystematics of Egyptian Trigonella species. Biochemical Systematics & Ecology, 26, 851–856.
22.
AgrawalPK, JainDC, GuptaRK, ThakurRS. (1985) Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy of steroidal sapogenins and steroidal saponins. Phytochemistry, 24, 2479–2496.
23.
ConardJ, DinchevD, KlaiberI, MikaS, KostovaI, KarausW. (2004) A noval furostanol saponin from Tribulus terrestris of Bulgarian origin. Fitoterapia, 75, 117–122.
24.
SeoS, UomoriA, YoshimuraY, ToriK. (1984) Biosynthesis of (25S)- and (25R)-furostanol glycosides from [1,2-13C2]acetate in Dioscorea tokoro tissue cultures. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions1, 869–874.
25.
KostovaI, DinchevD, RentschGH, DimitrovV, IvanovaA. (2002) Two new sulfated furostanol saponins from Tribulus terrestris. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 57c, 33–38.
