The present work studied the effect of fenugreek seed extracts on cytotoxicity and testicular damage induced by adriamycin (ADR) in albino rats. Administrating animals with ADR caused significant increase in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations, decreased the mitotic index, and induced DNA damage in bone marrow. Testes of ADR-treated rats showed many histopathological alterations and the number of sperm head abnormalities increased. Moreover, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased and the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in the testis. Treating animals with ADR and aqueous seed extracts of fenugreek led to an improvement in the cytogenetic effect and testicular alterations induced by ADR. Lipid peroxidation was reduced and the activities of CAT and SOD were increased. In conclusion, the results indicated that fenugreek seeds ameliorated the cytotoxicity and testicular alterations induced by ADR in albino rats and this may be mediated by its potent antioxidant effects.
LebrechtDGeistAKetelsenUPHaberstrohJSetzerBWalkerUA. Dexrazoxane prevents doxorubicin-induced long-term cardiotoxicity and protects myocardial mitochondria from genetic and functional lesions in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2007;151(6):771–778.
2.
TallajJAFrancoVRayburnBK. Response of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy to the current management strategy of heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005;24(12):2196–2201.
3.
Da CunhaMFMeistrichMLRiedHL. Active sperm production after cancer chemotherapy with doxorubicin. J Urol. 1983;130(5):927–930.
4.
SuterLBobadillaMKochEBechterR. Flow cytometric evaluation of the effects of doxorubicin on rat spermatogenesis. Reprod Toxicol. 1997;11(4):521–531.
5.
HowellSJShaletSM. Spermatogenesis after cancer treatment: damage and recovery. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2005;(34):12–17.
6.
AteşşahinAKarahanITürkGGürSYilmazSCeribaşiAO. Protective role of lycopene on cisplatin induced changes in sperm characteristics, testicular damage and oxidative stress in rats. Reprod Toxicol. 2006;21(1):42–47.
7.
YehYCLaiHCTingCTLeeWLWangKYLiuTJ. Protection by doxycycline against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007;74(7):969–980.
8.
ShinodaKMitsumoriKYasuharaK. Doxorubicin induces male germ cell apoptosis in rats. Arch Toxicol. 1999;73(4-5):274–281.
9.
TavaresDCCecchiAOAntunesLMTakahashiCS. Protective effects of the amino acid glutamine and of ascorbic acid against chromosomal damage induced by doxorubicin in mammalian cells. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1998;18(4):153–161.
10.
AntunesLMGTakahashiCS. Olive oil protects against chromosomal aberrations induced by doxorubicin in Wistar rat bone marrow cells. Genet Mol Biol. 1999;22(2):225–227.
11.
QuilesJHuertasJBattinoMMataixJRamirez-TortosaM. Antioxidant nutrients and adriamycin toxicity. Toxicology. 2002;180(1):79–95.
RamosKSMelchertRBChaconEAcostaDJr. Toxic response of the heart and vascular systems. In: KlaassenCD, ed. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: Basic Science of Poisons. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001:597–651.
14.
KaviarasanSNaikGHGangabhagirathiRAnuradhaCVPriyadarsiniKI. In vitro studies on antiradical and antioxidant activities of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds. Food Chem. 2007;103(1):31–37.
15.
XueWLLiXSZhangJLiuYHWangZLZhangRJ. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) extract on blood glucose, blood lipid and hemorheological properties in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. AsiaPac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(suppl 1):422–426.
16.
Abou El-SoudNKhalilMHusseinJOrabyFFarragA. Antidiabetic effect of fenugreek alkaloid extract in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. J Appl Sci Res. 2007;3(10):1073–1083.
17.
BillaudC. Composition, nutritional value and physiological properties of fenugreek. Adrian J Sci des Ailments. 2001;21(1):3–26.
18.
WangGRTangWZYaoQQZhongHLiuYJ. New flavonoids with 2BS cell proliferation promoting effect from the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecumL. J Nat Med. 2010;64(3):358–361.
19.
ThirunavukkarasuVAnuradhaCVViswanathanP. Protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds in experimental ethanol toxicity. Phytother Res. 2003;17(7):737–743.
20.
National Research Council. Guide for Use and Care of Laboratory Animals, Publication No. Washington, DC: NIH; 1985:85–23.
21.
PrestonRJDeanBJGallowaySHoldenHMcFeeAFShelbyM.Mammalian in vivo cytogenetic assays. Analysis of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells. Mutat Res. 1987;189(2):157–165.
22.
WlodekDBanathJOlivePL. Comparison between pulsed-field and constant-field gel electrophoresis for measurement of DNA double-strand breaks in irradiated Chinese hamster ovary cells. Int J Radiat Biol. 1991;60(5):779–790.
23.
AljanabiSMMartinesI. Universal and rapid salt extraction of high quality genomic DNA for PCR based technique. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997;25(22):4692–4693.
24.
OhkawaHOhishiNYagiK. Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979;95(2):351–358.
25.
Rest RichardFSpitznagelJK. Subcellular distribution of superoxide dismutase in human neutrophils. Influence of myeloperoxide on the measurement of superoxide dismutase activity. Biochem J. 1977;166(2):145–153.
26.
AebiHWyssSRScherzeBSkvarilF.Heterogenecity of erythrocyte catalase II. Isolation and characterization of normal and variant erythrocyte catalase and their subunit. Enzyme. 1974;17(5):307–318.
27.
YaparKYalçinEOruçECavuşoğluK. Protective role of grape seed extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and genotoxicity in albino mice. J Med Food. 2010;13(4):917–925.
28.
TavaresDCLiraWMSantiniCBTakahashiCSBastosJK. Effects of propolis crude hydroalcoholic extract on chromosomal aberrations induced by doxorubicin in rats. Planta Med. 2007;73(15):1531–1536.
29.
Leite-SilvaCGusmãoCLSTakahashi, CatarinaS. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Fucus vesiculosus extract on cultured human lymphocytes using the chromosome aberration and Comet assays. Genet Mol Biol. 2007;30(1):105–111.
30.
KhanFSherwaniAFAfzalM. Chromosomal aberration and micronucleus studies of two topoisomerase (II) targeting anthracyclines. J Environ Biol. 2009;30(3):409–412.
31.
Dimanche-BoitrelMTMeuretteORebillardALacourS. Role of early plasma membrane events in chemotherapy-induced cell death. Drug Resist Updat. 2005;8(1-2):5–14.
32.
BagchiDBagchiMHassounEAKellyJStohsSJ. Adriamycin-induced hepatic and myocardial lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, and enhanced excretion of urinary lipid metabolites in rats. Toxicology. 1995;95(1-3):1–9.
33.
MeistrichMLGoldsteinLSWyrobekAJ. Long-term infertility and dominant lethal mutations in male mice treated with adriamycin. Mutat Res. 1985;152(1):53–65.
34.
AdachiTNishimuraTImahieHYamamuraT.Collaborative work to evaluate toxicity an male reproductive organs by repeated dose studies in rats. Testicular toxicity in male rats given adriamycin for tub or four week. J Toxicol Sci. 2000;25:95–101.
35.
WardJABardinCWKnightMRobinsonJGunsalusGMorrisID. Delayed effects of doxorubicin on spermatogenesis and endocrine function in rats. Reprod Toxicol. 1988;2(2):117–126.
36.
HouMChrysisDNurmioM. Doxorubicin induces apoptosis in germ line stem cells in the immature rat testis and amifostine cannot protect against this cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 2005;65(21):9999–10005.
37.
YehYCLiuTJWangLC. A standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba suppresses doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in rat testes. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;156(1):48–61.
38.
FangJNakamuraHIyerAK. Tumor-targeted induction of oxystress for cancer therapy. J Drug Target. 2007;15(7-8):475–486.
39.
AshikawaKShishodiaSFoktIPriebeWAggarwalBB. Evidence that activation of nuclear factor-κB is essential for the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin and its analogues. Biol Pharm. 2004;67(2):353–364.
40.
Belguith-HadricheOBouazizMJamoussiKEl FekiASayadiSMakni-AyediIF. Lipid-lowering and antioxidant effects of an ethyl acetate extract of fenugreek seeds in high-cholesterol-fed rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(4):2116–2122.
41.
KimNYSongEJKwonDYKimHPHeoMY. Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of Korean fermented soybean Food. Chem Toxicol. 2008;46(3):1184–1189.
42.
PlewaMJBerhowMAVaughnSF. Isolating antigenotoxic components and cancer cell growth suppressors from agricultural by-products. Mutat Res. 2001;(480-481):109–120.
43.
JagetiaGCVenkateshaVAReddyTK. Naringin, a citrus flavonone, protects against radiation-induced chromosome damage in mouse bone marrow. Mutagenesis. 2003;18(4):337–343.
44.
Cariño-CortésRAlvarez-GonzálezIMartino-RoaroLMadrigal-BujaidarE. Effect of naringin on the DNA damage induced by daunorubicin in mouse hepatocytes and cardiocytes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2010;33(4):697–701.
45.
VrindaBUma DeviP. Radiation protection of human lymphocyte chromosomes in vitro by orientin and vicenin. Mutat Res. 2001;498(1-2):39–46.
46.
KhalilEAM. Biochemical and histopathological studies on the influence of aqueous extract of fenugreek seed (Trigonellafoenumgraecum) on alloxan diabetic male rats. Egypt. J Hospital Med.2004;15:83–94.
47.
HamdenKJaouadiBCarreauS. Potential protective effect on key steroidogenesis and metabolic enzymes and sperm abnormalities by fenugreek steroids in testis and epididymis of surviving diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2010;116(10):146–155.
48.
HamdenKMasmoudiHCarreauSElfekiA. Immunomodulatory, beta-cell, and neuroprotective actions of fenugreek oil from alloxan-induced diabetes. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2010;32(3):437–445.
49.
GuptaRNairS.Antioxidant flavonoids in Indian diet. South Asian. J Prev Cardiol. 1999;3:83–94.
50.
RavikumarPAnuradhaCV. Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in diabetic rats. Phytother Res. 1999;13(3):197–201.
51.
ChoudharyDChandraDChoudharySKaleRK. Modulation of glyoxalase, glutathione S-transferase and antioxidant enzymes in the liver, spleen and erythrocytes of mice by dietary administration of fenugreek seeds. Food Chem Toxicol. 2001;39(9):989–997.
52.
SushmaNDevasenaT. Aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) prevents cypermethrin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010;29(4):311–319.
