Corrigendum to “Greater Telehealth Use Results in Increased Visit Frequency and Lower Physician Related-Distress in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes”

Flores Garcia J, Faye E, Reid MW, et al. Greater Telehealth Use Results in Increased Visit Frequency and Lower Physician Related-Distress in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. Advance online Publication. DOI: 10.1177/19322968221146806

Due to a data processing error, partial follow-up data from two participants was not included in initial analyses. Inclusion of data from these participants did not alter any study conclusions but did change a number of values reported in tables, figures, and text. Corrections have been made to the Abstract and Results, as well as Table 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, and are marked in bold.

Abstract:

An incorrect P value is stated at the end of the sentence “AYAs who primarily attended visits via telehealth maintained stable physician-related distress, while those who attended more in-person visits reported increases in physician-related distress (P = .04).” The P value for this effect has been corrected to P = .03.

Results:

In the Diabetes Distress Scale subsection, an incorrect P value is stated at the end of the sentence “Participants who attended more than half of their clinic visits via telehealth reported little change in physician-related T1D distress, whereas those who attended more in-person visits reported increased distress over the course of the study (P = .04; Table 2; Figure 4).” The P value for this effect has been corrected to P = .03.

In the Diabetes Distress Scale subsection, incorrect change scores and P values are reported in the following sentences: “When participants were examined relative to their treatment group assignment and telehealth usage, AYAs who participated in the full intervention (CoYoT1 Care primarily via telehealth) reported significant benefits for physician-related distress (Δ = −0.92; P = .02) and marginal benefits for emotional burden (P = .05), interpersonal distress (P = .09), and regimen-related distress (P = .06) in comparison to those in standard care who attended more in-person care visits, who reported large increases in distress over the study period (Δ = −0.20; P = .36). This additional benefit was not found in the group that primarily attended CoYoT1 Care sessions in-person when they were compared to standard care in-person attendees (Δ = −0.20; P = .36) but was observed in standard care participants who attended more sessions via telehealth (Δ = −0.72; P = .04) when they were compared to standard care in-person attendees.” The corrected sentences state “When participants were examined relative to their treatment group assignment and telehealth usage, AYAs who participated in the full intervention (CoYoT1 Care primarily via telehealth) reported significant benefits for physician-related distress (Δ = −1.03; P = .009), and marginal benefits for emotional burden (P = .05), interpersonal distress (P = .09), and regimen-related distress (P = .07) in comparison to those in standard care who attended more in-person care visits, who reported large increases in distress over the study period (DDS physician distress Δ = 0.62; P = .05). This additional benefit was not found in the group that primarily attended CoYoT1 Care sessions in-person when they were compared to standard care in-person attendees (Δ = −0.26; P = .24) but was observed in standard care participants who attended more sessions via telehealth (Δ = −0.77; P = .03) when they were compared to standard care in-person attendees.”

In the Diabetes Technology Device Use subsection, an effect that was unreported previously is now significant with updated data. The original sentences state “In general, device use did not significantly change over the study period. Those who attended fewer sessions via telehealth reported small decreases in device use, while those who attended more than half of their sessions via telehealth reported small increases in use (Table 2).” The corrected sentences now state “CGM use did not significantly change over the study period. However, those who attended fewer sessions via telehealth reported significant decreases in insulin pump use over the study (Δ = −19%; P = .04), while those who attended more than half of their sessions via telehealth reported small increases in pump use (Table 2).”

In the Hemoglobin A1c subsection, incorrect change scores and P values are reported in the sentence “Notably, when participants were examined relative to both telehealth usage and care group assignment, those in the full intervention (CoYoT1 Care primarily via telehealth) reported significant reductions in HbA1c over the course of the study period (ΔA1c = −0.83%, P = .04) in comparison to those in standard care who primarily attended in-person visits and reported increases over the study (ΔA1c = 0.39%, P = .22).” The corrected sentence states “Notably, when participants were examined relative to both telehealth usage and care group assignment, those in the full intervention (CoYoT1 Care primarily via telehealth) reported significant reductions in HbA1c over the course of the study period (ΔA1c = −0.82%, P = .048) in comparison to those in standard care who primarily attended in-person visits and reported increases over the study (ΔA1c = 0.42%, P = .29).”

Corrected Table 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 are given below. In Table 2, all values marked in bold have been corrected.

Table 2.

Adjusted Mean Changes in Health-Related Outcomes Over Study by Treatment Group.

Measure/Subscale Mean (SD)	>50% Visits in-person (n=29)				>50% Visits via telehealth (n=39)				Tx Effect	P Value
	Baseline	Study End	Δ	P Value for Δ	Baseline	Study End	Δ	P Value for Δ
Study Attendance	2.51 (0.94)	2.47 (1.72)	-0.04	.95	2.47 (0.91)	3.33 (1.03)	0.86	.0001	0.86	.007
DDS
Average Score	2.21 (1.00)	2.58 (1.28)	0.37	.20	1.87 (0.82)	2.02 (0.84)	0.15	.90	-0.57	.13
Emotional Distress	2.13 (1.04)	2.56 (1.34)	0.43	.16	1.79 (0.75)	1.97 (0.84)	0.18	.83	-0.59	.12
Interpersonal Distress	2.39 (1.36)	2.65 (1.46)	0.26	.41	2.05 (1.26)	2.17 (1.13)	0.12	.90	-0.48	.22
Physician Distress	1.98 (0.83)	2.62 (1.19)	0.64	.05	1.71 (0.71)	1.84 (0.78)	0.13	.93	-0.77	.03
Regimen Distress	2.36 (1.11)	2.56 (1.38)	0.20	.37	1.97 (0.96)	2.09 (0.96)	0.12	.99	-0.47	.23
DES-SF	4.11 (0.71)	4.40 (0.64)	0.29	.34	3.93 (1.24)	4.26 (0.84)	0.33	.57	-0.14	.46
CES-D	20.68 (12.99)	22.52 (10.19)	1.84	.56	17.86 (9.71)	21.81 (13.15)	3.95	.11	-0.71	.84
HbA1c %	9.25 (2.19)	8.36 (2.18)	-0.89	.46	9.01 (2.28)	8.48 (1.62)	-0.53	.69	-0.28	.40
CGM Use, n (%)	7 (24%)	5 (17%)	-2 (-7%)	.48	12 (31%)	15 (38%)	3 (+7%)	.19	+14%	.22
Pump Use, n (%)	8 (28%)	3 (9%)	-5 (-19%)	.04	19 (49%)	20 (51%)	1 (+2%)	.66	+21%	.06

Figure 3.

Clinic attendance by telehealth usage.

Figure 4.

Changes in DDS physician-related distress over the study period by telehealth usage (>50% of visits in-person vs >50% visits via telehealth). Abbreviation: DDS, Diabetes Distress Scale.

The online version of the article has been corrected.