Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are critical contributors to vascular diseases, including arteriosclerosis. Rubus occidentalis, commonly known as black raspberry (BR), is rich in biologically active compounds with potential anti-inflammatory and vascular protective effects, but the specific roles of non-anthocyanin polyphenols (NAF) and anthocyanin fractions (AF) remain unclear.
Objective:
The study aimed to examine the effects of NAF, AF, and total fraction (TF) of BR on inflammatory responses and endothelial function in inflamed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
Methods:
Bioactive compounds in NAF and AF were identified using LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF/MS), and their concentrations were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography. Conditioned media-induced inflamed HUVEC were treated with NAF, AF and TF. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion proteins, as well as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and NO production, were measured.
Results:
All fractions decreased levels of IL-12, COX-2, NF-κB, E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1, while enhancing eNOS phosphorylation and NO production. TF showed the most potent effect in reducing COX-2 and E-selectin reduction while significantly increasing NO production.
Conclusions:
BR bioactive compounds mitigate inflammation in endothelial cells and improve vascular endothelial function, suggesting their potential in preventing arteriosclerosis.
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