Given the heightened sensitivity and potential for cascading failures within expressway networks when nodes are compromised—posing a significant threat to network stability—it is imperative to conduct a thorough analysis of the mechanisms underlying resilience development, fluctuations in system performance, and restoration strategies within expressway networks. This study focuses on the expressway network of Henan Province as a case study. Initially, the fundamental topological characteristics of the network are examined, and a topological structure model for the Henan Province expressway network is constructed using original mapping theory. Subsequently, a resilience model that integrates network operational efficiency with structural connectivity is developed. Through systematic evaluation, changes in the resilience of the expressway network under different attack types are explored. The results indicate that the preferential recovery strategy based on node betweenness had the best repair for the expressway network, and the network resilience value of 0.92899. Finally, resilience optimization methods under various recovery strategies are investigated.
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