Abstract
Twenty-seven distinct rough-and-tumble play behaviours were exhibited during the observation period. They included eight components identified as rough-and-tumble play in previous research and also 19 behaviours not previously identified as elements of such. These elements indicate pre-operational forms of rough-and-tumble play. The results of this study have implications for the understanding of child development. It suggests that rough-and-tumble play evolves as children age; that children move into more complex play behaviours as they mature.
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