Antihypertensive and Cardiovascular Effects of Combined Blockade of Renin-Angiotensin System with ACE Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker in Hypertensive Patients: A 24-Week Randomized Controlled Double-Dummy Trial

Abstract

Background.

In this study the effects of 24 weeks losartan and ramipril treatment, both alone and in combination, on blood pressure and left ventricular mass (LVM) and function, have been evaluated in hypertensives.

Methods.

57 hypertensives with stage 1 and 2 essential hypertension were included. After 4 weeks run in, a randomized double-blind, 3 arm, double dummy, independent trial was used. All patients were randomly allocated to 3 treatment arms consisting of losartan (50 mg/daily), ramipril (5 mg/daily), and combined (losartan 50 mg/ramipril 5 mg/daily) for 24 weeks. LVM, LVM/h^2.7 and other echocardiographic measurements, BUN, creatinine and clearance and potassium were determined after run in and 24 weeks.

Results.

All groups were comparable for gender, age, BMI, BP and LVM. The prevalence of baseline left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was not significantly different among 3 groups. At the end of treatment, a significant (p<0.05) reduction in SBP, DBP, MBP, LVM and LVM/h^2.7 were observed in all groups. The absolute and percent reduction in LVM/h^2.7 were significantly higher in combined than losartan or ramipril groups and also in hypertensives with LVH. No significant change in absolute and percent reduction of SBP, DBP and MBP were found.

Conclusions.

These data indicate an additional cardioprotective effect of dual blockade of RAS in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy.