As prior knowledge of the distribution of body fluids is essential to understanding the pathological processes of oedema, the physiology of body fluids is first highlighted in this paper. The pathology of oedema is then explored with post-traumatic oedema and oedema from central paralysis illustrated. The paper then interrelates the physiological principles of body fluid, primary and secondary oedema as a foundation for further discussion of treatment of oedema. The treatment options frequently used in the management of oedema of the hand are further expounded. While the physiological basis of body fluids are integrated with oedema treatment modalities used, no attempt is made to discuss evaluative approaches used in oedema measurement as fluid volume reduction does not always equal oedema reduction.
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