Thus, the purpose of the present study was to (1) characterize common postoperative complications and (2) quantify the rates of revision in patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty revisional surgery. We hypothesize that hardware loosenings will be the most common complication to occur in the sample, with the humeral component being the most common loosening.
Methods
This systematic review adhered to PRISMA reporting guideline. For our inclusion criteria, we included any study that contained intraoperative and/or postoperative complication data, and revision rates on patients who had undergone revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty due to a failed hemiarthroplasty. Complications include neurologic injury, deep surgical site infections, hardware loosening/prosthetic instability, and postoperative fractures (acromion, glenoid, and humeral fractures).
Results
The study contained 22 studies that assessed complications from shoulders that had revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty from a hemiarthroplasty, with a total sample of 925 shoulders. We found that the most common complication to occur was hardware loosenings (5.3%), and of the hardware loosenings, humeral loosenings (3.8%) were the most common. The revision rate was found to be 10.7%.
Conclusion
This systematic review found that revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for failed hemiarthroplasty has a high overall complication and reintervention rates, specifically for hardware loosening and revision rates.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
FarleyKXWilsonJMDalyCA, et al.The incidence of shoulder arthroplasty: rise and future projections compared to hip and knee arthroplasty. JSES Open Access2019; 3: 244–244.
2.
GrammontPMBaulotE. The classic: delta shoulder prosthesis for rotator cuff rupture. Clin Orthop Relat Res2011; 469: 2424–2424.
3.
BaulotESirveauxFBoileauP. Grammont’s idea: the story of Paul Grammont's functional surgery concept and the development of the reverse principle. Clin Orthop Relat Res2011; 469: 2425–2431.
4.
RittmeisterMKerschbaumerF. Grammont reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and nonreconstructible rotator cuff lesions. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2001; 10: 17–22.
5.
RaissPEdwardsTBda SilvaMR, et al.Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of nonunions of the surgical neck of the proximal part of the humerus (type-3 fracture sequelae). J Bone Joint Surg Am2014; 96: 2070–2076.
6.
WallBWalchG. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. Hand Clin2007; 23: 425–430.
7.
De WildeLFPlasschaertFSAudenaertEA, et al.Functional recovery after a reverse prosthesis for reconstruction of the proximal humerus in tumor surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res2005; 430: 156–162.
8.
EkETHNeukomLCatanzaroS, et al.Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears in patients younger than 65 years old: results after five to fifteen years. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2013; 22: 1199–1208.
9.
De WildeLMombertMVan PetegemP, et al.Revision of shoulder replacement with a reversed shoulder prosthesis (Delta III®): report of five cases. Acta Orthop Belg2001; 67: 348–353.
10.
LevyJCViraniNPupelloD, et al.Use of the reverse shoulder prosthesis for the treatment of failed hemiarthroplasty in patients with glenohumeral arthritis and rotator cuff deficiency. J Bone Joint Surg Br2007; 89: 189–195.
11.
LevyJFrankleMMighellM, et al.The use of the reverse shoulder prosthesis for the treatment of failed hemiarthroplasty for proximal humeral fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am2007; 89: 292–300.
12.
WagnerERChangMJWelpKM, et al.The impact of the reverse prosthesis on revision shoulder arthroplasty: analysis of a high-volume shoulder practice. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2019; 28: e49–e56.
13.
BlackEMRobertsSMSiegelE, et al.Reverse shoulder arthroplasty as salvage for failed prior arthroplasty in patients 65 years of age or younger. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2014; 23: 1036–1042.
14.
HashiguchiHIwashitaSOhkuboA, et al.The outcome of hemiarthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures is dependent on the status of the rotator cuff. Int Orthop2015; 39: 1115–1119.
15.
MerollaGWagnerESperlingJW, et al.Revision of failed shoulder hemiarthroplasty to reverse total arthroplasty: analysis of 157 revision implants. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2018; 27: 75–81.
16.
BoisAJKnightPAlhojailanK, et al.Clinical outcomes and complications of reverse shoulder arthroplasty used for failed prior shoulder surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Int2020; 4: 156–168.
17.
MoherDLiberatiATetzlaffJ, et al.PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol2009; 62: 1006–1012.
18.
NorrisGRCheckettsJXScottJT, et al.Prevalence of deep surgical site infection after repair of periarticular knee fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open2019; 2: e199951–e199951.
19.
SaleebHTosounidisTPapakostidisC, et al.Incidence of deep infection, union and malunion for open diaphyseal femoral shaft fractures treated with IM nailing: a systematic review. Surgeon2019; 17: 257–269.
20.
ColemanBDKhanKMMaffulliN, et al.Studies of surgical outcome after patellar tendinopathy: clinical significance of methodological deficiencies and guidelines for future studies. Scand J Med Sci Sports2000; 10: 2–11.
21.
Seidl A, Sholder D, Warrender W, et al. Early versus late reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures: does it matter? Arch Bone Jt Surg 2017; 5: 213–220.
22.
CheungEVSarkissianEJSox-HarrisA, et al.Instability after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2018; 27: 1946–1952.
23.
GeervlietPCHoutveenMSiereveltIN, et al.Revision of failed resurfacing hemiarthroplasty: midterm results, survival, and group comparison. Orthopedics2019; 42: e111–e117.
24.
SeveldaFFinkB. One-stage exchange of septic shoulder arthroplasty following a standardized treatment algorithm. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2018; 27: 2175–2182.
25.
WernerBSBoehmDGohlkeF. Revision to reverse shoulder arthroplasty with retention of the humeral component. Acta Orthop2013; 84: 473–478.
26.
StephensSPPaisleyKCGiveansMR, et al.The effect of proximal humeral bone loss on revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2015; 24: 1519–1526.
27.
Weber-SpickschenTSAlfkeDAgneskirchnerJD. The use of a modular system to convert an anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty to a reverse shoulder arthroplasty: clinical and radiological results. Bone Joint J2015; 97-B: 1662–1667.
28.
DezfuliBKingJJFarmerKW, et al.Outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty as primary versus revision procedure for proximal humerus fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2016; 25: 1133–1137.
29.
MerollaGTartaroneASperlingJW, et al.Early clinical and radiological outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty with an eccentric all-polyethylene glenosphere to treat failed hemiarthroplasty and the sequelae of proximal humeral fractures. Int Orthop2017; 41: 141–148.
30.
KanyJJoseJKatzD, et al.The main cause of instability after unconstrained shoulder prosthesis is soft tissue deficiency. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2017; 26: e243–e251.
31.
CrosbyLAWrightTWYuS, et al.Conversion to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with and without humeral stem retention: the role of a convertible-platform stem. J Bone Joint Surg Am2017; 99: 736–742.
32.
HolschenMSiemesM-KWittK-A, et al.Five-year outcome after conversion of a hemiarthroplasty when used for the treatment of a proximal humeral fracture to a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Bone Joint J2018; 100-B: 761–766.
33.
UpdegroveGFNicholsonTANamdariS, et al.Short-term results of the DePuy global unite platform shoulder system: a two-year outcome study. Arch Bone Jt Surg2018; 6: 353–358.
34.
FrankeKJChristmasKNDownesKL, et al.Does the etiology of a failed hemiarthroplasty affect outcomes when revised to a reverse shoulder arthroplasty?J Shoulder Elbow Surg2020; 29: S149–S156.
35.
StephensBCSimonPClarkRE, et al.Revision for a failed reverse: a 12-year review of a lateralized implant. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2016; 25: e115–e124.
36.
ChaconAViraniNShannonR, et al.Revision arthroplasty with use of a reverse shoulder prosthesis-allograft composite. J Bone Joint Surg Am2009; 91: 119–127.
37.
LollinoNPaladiniPCampiF, et al.Reverse shoulder prosthesis as revision surgery after fractures of the proximal humerus, treated initially by internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty. Chir Organi Mov2009; 93: S35–S39.
38.
PatelDNYoungBOnyekweluI, et al.Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for failed shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2012; 21: 1478–1483.
39.
UriOBecklesVHiggsD, et al.Increased-offset reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of failed post-traumatic humeral head replacement. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2014; 23: 401–408.
40.
HernandezNMChalmersBPWagnerER, et al.Revision to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty restores stability for patients with unstable shoulder prostheses. Clin Orthop Relat Res2017; 475: 2716–2722.
41.
WalkerMWillisMPBrooksJP, et al.The use of the reverse shoulder arthroplasty for treatment of failed total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2012; 21: 514–522.
42.
RaissPEdwardsTBBrucknerT, et al.Reverse arthroplasty for patients with chronic locked dislocation of the shoulder (type 2 fracture sequela). J Shoulder Elbow Surg2017; 26: 279–287.
43.
AbdelfattahAOttoRJSimonP, et al.Classification of instability after reverse shoulder arthroplasty guides surgical management and outcomes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2018; 27: e107–e118.
44.
BohsaliKIBoisAJWirthMA. Complications of shoulder arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am2017; 99: 256–269.
45.
GutiérrezSKellerTSLevyJC, et al.Hierarchy of stability factors in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res2008; 466: 670–676.
46.
CheungEWillisMWalkerM, et al.Complications in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg2011; 19: 439–449.
47.
GutiérrezSComiskeyCA4thLuoZ-P, et al.Range of impingement-free abduction and adduction deficit after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Hierarchy of surgical and implant-design-related factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am2008; 90: 2606–2615.
WrightTAlentorn-GeliESamitierG, et al.Reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Part 2: systematic review of reoperations, revisions, problems, and complications. Int J Shoulder Surg2015; 9: 60–60.
50.
GreyBRodsethRNRocheSJ. Humeral stem loosening following reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBJS Rev2018; 6: e5–e5.
51.
BoileauPMelisBDuperronD, et al.Revision surgery of reverse shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2013; 22: 1359–1370.
52.
WallBNové-JosserandLO’ConnorDP, et al.Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a review of results according to etiology. J Bone Joint Surg Am2007; 89: 1476–1485.
53.
ShethMMSholderDAbboudJ, et al.Revision of failed hemiarthroplasty for painful glenoid arthrosis to anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2018; 27: 1884–1890.
54.
CarrollRMIzquierdoRVazquezM, et al.Conversion of painful hemiarthroplasty to total shoulder arthroplasty: long-term results. J Shoulder Elbow Surg2004; 13: 599–603.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
