Alimentación no saludable,inactividad física y obesidad en la población infantil colombiana: un llamado urgente al estado y la sociedad civil para emprender acciones efectivas
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online September, 2012
Alimentación no saludable,inactividad física y obesidad en la población infantil colombiana: un llamado urgente al estado y la sociedad civil para emprender acciones efectivas
Colombia, al igual que la mayoría de los países de América Latina, ha experimentado una rápida transición nutricional, la cual se ha dado en un contexto caracterizado por altos niveles de pobreza, inequidad y exclusión social; sumado a acelerados procesos de globalización y una creciente influencia política y mediática de las grandes corporaciones de bebidas y alimentos ultra-procesados. Esta situación tiene un impacto potencialmente negativo en la salud infantil, al afectar sus patrones de actividad física y alimentación. Existen acciones poblacionales efectivas para la promoción de la actividad física y la alimentación saludable en niños, niñas y adolescentes, que podrían implementarse en Colombia si se contara con la voluntad política del gobierno y la participación activa de la sociedad civil.
RiveraJAMuñoz-HernándezORosas-PeraltaMAguilar-SalinasCAPopkinBMWillettWC. Consumo de bebidas para una vida saludable: recomendaciones para la población mexicana. Salud Publica Mex. 2008; 50(2): 173–195.
2.
PopkinBM. Global nutrition dynamics: the world is shifting rapidly toward a diet linked with noncommunicable diseases. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 84(2): 289–298.
ICBF. Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia, 2010. Bogotá, Colombia: Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF); 2010.
5.
SrinivasanSRBerensonGSDietzWH. Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr. 2007; 150(1): 12−17.
6.
LeeJMOkumuraMJDavisMMHermanWHGurneyJG. Prevalence and determinants of insulin resistance among U.S. adolescents. A population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29(11): 2427–2432.
7.
Subcomisión de Epidemiologia y Comitó de Nutrición Consenso sobre factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en pediatria. Obesidad. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2005; 103(3): 262–281.
8.
UscáteguiRMÁlvarez UribeMCLaguado SalinasL. Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños de 6 a 18 años de Medellín (Colombia). An Pediatr. 2003; 58(5): 411–417.
9.
SerdulaMKIveryDCoatesRJFreedmanDSWilliamsonDFByersT. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med. 1993; 22(2): 167–177.
10.
DietzW. Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics. 1998; 101(3 Pt 2): 518–525.
11.
SwartzMBPuhlR. Childhood obesity: a societal problem to solve. Obesity Reviews. 2003; 4(1): 57–71.
12.
HongXLiJXuF. Physical activity inversely associated with the presence of depression among urban adolescents in regional China. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9: 148.
13.
UssherMHOwenCGCookDGWhincupPH. The relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and psychological wellbeing among adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2007; 42(10): 851–856.
14.
AllisonKRAdlafEMIrvingHM. Relationship of vigorous physical activity to psychologic distress among adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2005; 37(2): 164–166.
15.
TomsonLMPangraziRPFriedmanG. Childhood depressive symptoms, physical activity and health related fitness. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2003; 25(4): 419–439.
16.
Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Washington DC, USA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; 2010. Disponible en: http://www.nationaldairycouncil.org/Research/DairyCouncilDigestArchives/Pages/dcd82-3Page10.aspx (accesado el 22 de agosto de 2011).
17.
CutlerJARoccellaEJ. Salt reduction for preventing hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a population approach should include children. Hypertension. 2006; 48(5): 818–819.
18.
SchorJB. “When Childhood Gets Commercialized Can Children be protected”, Regulation Awareness and Empowerment: Young people and Harmful Media Content in the Digital Age. Goteborg University; 2006: 101–21. Disponible en http://www.nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/232_schor.pdf (accesado el 22 de agosto de 2011).
19.
GómezLFMosqueraJJacobyE. Salud, vida activa y ambientes urbanos en América Latina: Las ciudades vuelven a ser importantes. En: MardonesFVelascoNRozowskiJ (eds). Obesidad ¿Qué podemos hacer? Una mirada desde la salud pública. Santiago de Chile, Chile: Universidad Católica; 2009.
20.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Conjunto de recomendaciones sobre la promoción de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas dirigida a los niños. Ginebra, Suiza: Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2010. Disponible en http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789243500218_spa.pdf (accesado el 22 de agosto de 2011).
21.
HawkesC. The worldwide battle against soft drinks in schools. Am J Prev Med. 2010; 38(4): 457–461.
22.
Pérez-SalgadoDRivera-MárquezJAOrtiz-HernándezL. Publicidad de alimentos en la programación de la televisión mexicana: ¿los niños están más expuestos?Salud Publica Mex. 2010; 52(2): 119–126.
23.
McGinnisJMGootmanJAKraakVI (eds). Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity? Committee on Food Marketing and the Diets of Children and Youth. Washington DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2006. Disponible en: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11514.html (accesado el 25 de agosto de 2011).
24.
JacksonPRomoMCastilloMCastillo-DuránC. Las golosinas en la alimentación infantil. Análisis antropológico nutricional. Rev Méd Chile. 2004; 132(10): 1235–1242.
25.
GomesF. Children are getting burgered. Website of the World Public Health Nutrition Association. April blog 2011. Disponible en: http://www.wphna.org (accesado el 22 de agosto de 2011).
26.
BarqueraSCampiranoFBonvecchioAHernández-BarreraLRiveraJAPopkinBM. Caloric beverage consumption patterns in Mexican children. Nutr J. 2010; 21(9): 47.
27.
ICBF. Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia, 2005. Bogota, Colombia: Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF); 2005.
28.
Congreso de Colombia. Por medio de la cual se define la obesidad y las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles asociadas a ésta como una prioridad de salud pública y se adoptan medidas para su control atención y prevención. Ley 1355 de 2009. Disponible en: http://www.corazonesresponsables.org/Ley_1355.pdf (accesado el 25 de setiembre de 2011).
29.
RosenbergDESallisJFConwayTLCainKLMcKenzieTL. Active transportation to school over 2 years in relation to weight status and physical activity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006; 14(10): 1771–1776.
30.
WatsonMDannenbergAL. Investment in safe routes to school projects: public health benefits for the larger community. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008; 5(3): A90.
31.
VeitchJSalmonJBallK. Individual, social and physical environmental correlates of children’s active free play: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010; 7: 11.
32.
DavisonKKWerderJLLawsonCT. Children’s active commuting to school: current knowledge and future directions. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008; 5(3): A100.
33.
Committee on Environmental Health, TesterJM. The built environment: designing communities to promote physical activity in children. Pediatrics. 2009; 123(6): 1591–1598.
34.
BellJFWilsonJSLiuGC. Neighborhood greenness and 2-year changes in body mass index of children and youth. Am J Prev Med. 2008; 35(6): 547–553.
35.
TimperioAJefferyRWCrawfordDRobertsRGiles-CortiBBallK. Neighbourhood physical activity environments and adiposity in children and mothers: a three-year longitudinal study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010; 7: 18.
36.
RodgersDBeallJKanburR. Latin American Urban Development into the 21st Century Towards a Renewed Perspective on the City. United Nations University. World Institute for Development Economics Research. Working Paper No. 2011/05. Disponible en: http://ideas.repec.org/p/unu/wpaper/wp2011-05.html (accesado el 25 de agosto de 2011).
37.
ParraDGómezLFPrattMSamientoOLTricheEMosqueraJ. Policy and built environment changes in Bogotá and their importance in health promotion. Indoor and Built Environment. 2007; 16: 344–348.
38.
Díaz del CastilloASarmientoOLReisRSBrownsonR. Translating evidence to policy: urban interventions and physical activity promotion in Bogotá, Colombia and Curitiba, Brazil. Translational Behavior Medicine. 2011; 1(2): 350–360.
39.
SarmientoOLSchmidTLParraDC. Quality of life, physical activity, and built environment characteristics among Colombian adults. J Phys Act Health. 2010; 7 Suppl 2: S181–S195.
PabayoRGauvinLBarnettTANikiémaBSéguinL. Sustained active transportation is associated with a favorable body mass index trajectory across the early school years: findings from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development birth cohort. Prev Med. 2010; 50(Suppl 1): S59–S64.
42.
ArangoCMParraDEylerA. Walking or bicycling to school and weight status among adolescents from Montería, Colombia. J Phys Act Health. 2011; 8(Suppl 2): S171–S177.
43.
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendations to increase physical activity in communities. Am J Prev Med. 2002; 22(4S): 67–72.
44.
HoehnerCMSoaresJParra PerezD. Physical activity interventions in Latin America: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2008; 34(3): 224–233.
45.
RibeiroICParraDCHoehnerCM. School-based education programs: Evidence-based physical activity interventions for youth in Latin America. Glob Health Promot. 2010; 17(2): 5–15.
46.
SummerbellCDWatersEEdmundsLDKellySBrownTCampbellKJ. Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005; 20(3): CD001871.
47.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Ginebra, Suiza: Organización Mundial de la Salud2010. Disponible en: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599979_eng.pdf (accesado el 16 de agosto de 2011).
RasberryCNLeeSMRobinL. The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance: a systematic review of the literature. Prev Med. 2011; 52(Suppl 1): S10–S20.
50.
BrownellKDKershRLudwigDS. Personal responsibility and obesity: a constructive approach to a controversial issue. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010; 29(3): 379–387.
51.
SallisJFCerveroRBAscherWHendersonKAKraftMKKerrJ. An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annu Rev Public Health. 2006; 27: 297–322.
52.
HancockT. Urban Ecosystems and Human Health: A paper prepared for the Seminar on CIID-IDRC and urban development in Latin America, Montevideo, Uruguay, abril 2000. Disponible en: http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-22828-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html (accesado el 21 de agosto de 2011).
53.
HancockT. Health care reform and reform for health: creating a healthy system for communities in the 21st century. Futures31. 1999: 417–436.
54.
FrohlichKLPotvinL. Transcending the known in public health practice: the inequality paradox: the population approach and vulnerable populations. Am J Public Health. 2008; 98(2): 216–221.
