The incidence of hospital acquired infection in developing countries is between two to 20 times higher than in developed countries and is attributable to multiple causes. Evidence-based international policies and guidelines developed to improve infection prevention and control are often not used in practice in these countries. To combat this challenge, this article presents an innovative educational framework used to bridge the gap between policy written by global health agencies and the realities of practice in Tanzania.
AgarwalRAgarwalKAcharyaUChristinaPSreenivasVSeetaramanS. (2007) Impact of simple interventions on neonatal mortality in a low-resource teaching hospital in India. Journal of Perinatology27(1): 44–9.
2.
AllegranziBSaxHBengalyLRichetHMintaDChraitiMNSokonaFMAgeronAGBonnabryPPittetD. and on behalf of the World Health Organization “Point G” Project Management C. (2010) Successful implementation of the World Health Organization hand hygiene improvement strategy in a referral hospital in Mali, Africa. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology31(2): 133–41.
3.
AllegranziBStorrJDziekanGLeotsakosADonaldsonLPittetD. (2007) The First Global Patient Safety Challenge “Clean Care is Safer Care”: from launch to current progress and achievements. Journal of Hospital Infection65, Supplement 2(0): 115–23.
4.
AmehEAMshelbwalaPMNasirAALukongCSJaboBAAnumahMANmaduPT. (2009) Surgical site infection in children: prospective analysis of the burden and risk factors in a sub-Saharan African setting. Surgical Infections10(2): 105–09.
5.
DarmstadtGLNawshad Uddin AhmedASMSahaSKAzad ChowdhuryMAKAlamMAKhatunMBlackRESantoshamM. (2005) Infection control practices reduce nosocomial infections and mortality in preterm infants in Bangladesh. Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association25(5): 331–5.
6.
EriksenHMChuguluSKondoSLingaasE. (2003) Surgical-site infections at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center. Journal of Hospital Infection55(1): 14–20.
7.
FehrJHatzCSokaIKibatalaPUrassaHSmithTMshindaHFreiRWidmerA. (2006) Risk factors for surgical site infections in a Tanzanian district hospital: a challenge for the traditional national nosocomial infections surveillance system index. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology27(12): 1401–04.
8.
FrisbyBNMartinMM. (2010) Instructor-student and student-student rapport in the classroom. Communication Education59(2): 146–64.
GoslingRMbatiaRSavageAMulliganJAReyburnH. (2003) Prevalence of hospital-acquired infections in a tertiary referral hospital in northern Tanzania. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology97(1): 69–73.
11.
GrolRGrimshawJ. (2003) From best evidence to best practice: effective implementation of change in patients’ care. The Lancet362(9391): 1225–30.
12.
HambraeusA. (2006) Lowbury Lecture 2005: infection control from a global perspective. Journal of Hospital Infection64(3): 217–23.
13.
HuskinsWCSouleBMO’BoyleCGulácsiLO’RourkeEJGoldmannDA. (1998) Hospital infection prevention and control: a model for improving the quality of hospital care in low- and middle-income countries. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology19(2): 125–35.
14.
IderB-EAdamsJMortonAWhitbyMClementsA. (2012) Perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding the main challenges and barriers to effective hospital infection control in Mongolia: a qualitative study. BMC Infectious Diseases12(1): 170.
15.
JayasekaraRSchultzT. (2006) The feasibility and appropriateness of introducing nursing curricula from developed countries into developing countries: a comprehensive systematic review [2006]. pp. 1–16. Joanna Briggs Institute: Adelaide, Australia.
16.
KeyesLLaneMO’NionsPStanleyD. (2011) Tanzania: inception phase. In Global Health Alliance WA Summary Report (Department of Health, ed.). Global Health Alliance WA: Perth, Western Australia.
17.
MantaringJBMandozaMEstradaGMCansecoRRAduanEGeraldezAMendozaSDMacleodWBHuskinsWCGoldmannDGillCJHamerDH. (2005) Reduction in neonatal bacteremia and mortality rates using a simple set of interventions in a NICU in the Philippines [abstract]. International Journal Of Antimicrobial Agents26: S92.
18.
MkonyCAO’SullivanPSOwibingireSSFyfeMVOmerSFreemanPMakubiAMlokaDAPortilloCJLeynaGHTarimoEKaayaEEMacfarlaneSB. (2012) Teaching and educational scholarship in Tanzania: Faculty initiative to improve performance of health professions’ students. Journal of Public Health Policy33(S1): S150–70.
19.
MwachakaPMObonyoNGMutisoBKRanketiSMwang’ombeN. (2010) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications: a three-year retrospective study in a Kenyan national teaching and referral hospital. Paediatric Neurosurgery46: 1–5.
20.
NejadSBAllegranziBSyedSBEllisBPittetD. (2011) Health-care-associated infection in Africa: a systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization89: 757–65.
21.
Oogarah-PratapB. (2006) The use of role-play as an assessment strategy in health education for trainee primary school teachers – a case study. Journal of Science Education7(1): 36–9.
22.
PearsonAJordanZ. (2010) Evidence-based healthcare in developing countries. International Journal of Evidence-based Healthcare8(2): 97–100.
23.
PittetDAllegranziBStorrJNejadSBDziekanGLeotsakosADonaldsonL. (2008) Infection control as a major World Health Organization priority for developing countries. Journal of Hospital Infection68(4): 285–92.
24.
Tanzanian Government. (2007) National infection prevention and control guidelines for healthcare services in Tanzania. A pocket guide for healthcare providers. (MoHaS Welfare, ed.). Government of Tanzania: Tanzania.
25.
UllothJ. (2002) The benefits of humor in nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education41(11): 476–81.
26.
WoodJNthumbaPStepita-PoenaruEPoenaruD. (2012) Pediatric surgical site infection in the developing world: a Kenyan experience. Pediatric Surgery International28(5): 523–7.
27.
World Health Organization. (2009a) Guide to implementation: a guide to the implementation of the WHO multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy. World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland.
28.
World Health Organization. (2009b) WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: first global patient safety challenge clean care is safer care. World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland.
29.
World Health Organization. (2011) Report on the burden of endemic healthcare associated infection worldwide. World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland.
