Multiple myeloma

Delon C Brown KF Payne N , et al. (2022) Differences in cancer incidence by broad ethnic group in England, 2013–2017. British Journal of Cancer 126(12): 1765–1773. DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01718-5.

Galvani L Flanagan J Sargazi M , et al. (2015) Validation of serum free light chain reference ranges in primary care. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 53(3): 399–404. DOI: 10.1177/0004563215620441.

Heaney J Richter A Bowcock S , et al. (2020) Excluding myeloma diagnosis using revised thresholds for serum free light chain ratios and M-protein levels. Haematologica 105(4): e169–e171.

International Myeloma Foundation (2014). International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. International Myeloma Foundation. Available at: www.myeloma.org/international-myeloma-working-group-imwg-criteria-diagnosis-multiple-myeloma (accessed 25 March 2026).

MyelomaUK (2021) Myeloma, MGUS & related conditions: a guide for GPs. Available at: www.myeloma.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Myeloma-MGUS-and-Related-Conditions-A-Guide-for-GPs.pdf (accessed 25 March 2026).

Neal RD Din NU Hamilton W , et al. (2014) Comparison of cancer diagnostic intervals before and after implementation of NICE guidelines: analysis of data from the UK General Practice Research Database. British Journal of Cancer 110(3): 584–592.

NICE (2015) Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. NICE guidelines [NG12]. Available at: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng12 (accessed 25 March 2026).

Rajkumar SV (2016) Multiple myeloma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. American Journal of Hematology 91(7): 719–734. DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24402.

RCGP (2025) Haematology. Available at: www.rcgp.org.uk/mrcgp-exams/gpcurriculum/haematology (accessed 23 October 2025).

Sive J Foggo V (2020) Myeloma and other plasma cell disorders. In: Feather A Randall D Waterhouse M (eds) Kumar and Clark’s Clinical Medicine, 10th edn. London: Elsevier Health Sciences, 407–410.

Stern S Chaudhuri S Drayson M , et al. (2023) Investigation and management of the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. British Journal of Haematology 202: 734–744. DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18866.