Hypertension

Abstract

Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, is a long-term condition presenting with a clinic blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher. Untreated hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular events, including stroke and heart attack. A sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, alcohol consumption and smoking are among the common risk factors for hypertension. It can also be secondary to other conditions; for example, kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, Conn’s syndrome, drug abuse, renal artery stenosis and medications, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immunosuppressants, and contraceptives. In addition, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, alcohol and salt reduction, and regular exercise are recommended.