Rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease that primarily affects synovial joints and periarticular soft tissues, leading to persistent inflammation, pain and stiffness. Although its exact aetiology remains unclear, RA is recognised as a systemic disease. It typically presents as a symmetrical polyarthritis of both small and large joints and, without timely intervention, may lead to irreversible joint damage. Extra-articular manifestations can occur. Among inflammatory arthritides, RA is the most common. It can also have systemic effects, impacting multiple organ systems and contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. RA can have a profound impact on quality of life, employment and functional ability. Early identification of RA and rapid initiation of effective treatment are central to preventing long-term disability and optimising outcomes. This article provides an overview of the presentation, diagnosis and management of RA in primary care, using a clinical case to illustrate the principles of assessment and treatment.