Age related macular degeneration

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment among older adults in developed countries. It results from the accumulation of drusen deposits and changes in the retinal pigmentary epithelium (RPE), leading to progressive, painless central vision loss. The severity of AMD can vary, and those affected often do not experience noticeable symptoms until the disease is well advanced. Early symptoms may include visual distortion or flickering lights, and, in more advanced stages, central vision loss. In primary care, assessment should involve a thorough history and examination including assessment of visual acuity and ophthalmoscopy. Individuals suspected of having neovascular AMD should be promptly assessed and referred to secondary care for consideration of specialist interventions.