Herpes simplex in primary care

Abstract

Herpes simplex, a viral infection caused by herpes simplex virus, presents as painful blisters or ulcers in or around the mouth, genital areas, and other body areas. The virus resides in nerve cells and can remain inactive. Surgery, stress, menstruation, illness or injury, fever, and sunlight can be triggers of virus activation. It is a common and contagious infection prevalent in 64% of the global population. It transmits through skin-to-skin contact, orally, or through sexual contact. Its symptoms include fever, itching, body aches, blisters, burning sensation, fatigue or lethargy, anorexia and swollen lymph nodes. However, most people show mild or no symptoms. While there remains at a present no absolute cure for infection with the herpes simplex virus, treatment is available in the form of antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir. Such medications are given to patients to reduce the duration and severity of outbreaks as well as to reduce the rate of transmission. Preventative measures in the transmission of the virus include using barrier contraceptive methods during intercourse, avoiding close physical contact during active infection and not sharing personal items used by the affected patient.