Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Signs, symptoms and disease course are variable between people with MS. People with MS may initially present in primary care, therefore, it is important for GPs to recognise the signs and symptoms associated with MS so that prompt referral, investigations and treatments can be initiated. This article will summarise the pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, types of MS, and initial presentations of MS. This article will also review the current diagnostic criteria and treatments available for MS and explore other social factors GPs should consider when caring for people living with MS.
GaleaIWard-AbelNHeesenC (2015)
Relapse in multiple sclerosis. BMJ350: h1765 DOI:10.1136/bmj.h1765.
3.
HardingKZhuFAlotaibiM, et al. (2020)
Multiple cause of death analysis in multiple sclerosis: A population-based study. Neurology94(8): e820–e829. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008907.
4.
JagannathVAFilippiniGBorges do NascimentoIJ, et al. (2018)
Vitamin D for the management of multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD008422. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008422.pub3.
SanghaAQuonMPfefferG, et al. (2023)
The role of vitamin D in neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: An update. Nutrients15(13): 2978. DOI: 10.3390/nu15132978.
14.
SchreinerTGGenesTM (2021)
Obesity and multiple sclerosis-a multifaceted association. Journal of Clinical Medicine10(12): 2689. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122689.
ThompsonAJBanwellBLBarkhofF, et al. (2018)
Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurology17(2): 162–173. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2.
