Childhood eczema

Abstract

The terms ‘eczema’ and ‘dermatitis’ originate from Greek words signifying ‘the result of boiling over’ and ‘inflammation of the skin’. They are used interchangeably to describe a chronic, episodic inflammatory condition, which affects the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin and leads to itchy, irritated, dry skin. There are many types of dermatitis that can affect children, although the features, severity and course can be somewhat indistinguishable between the different types. Many types of eczema are acute-on-chronic with flares featuring erythematous, inflamed, dry skin with oozing and crusting. In chronic inflammation, reactive epidermal changes from prolonged and repeated scratching, can lead to skin lichenification, scaling and fissures. This article will explore atopic eczema, contact dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and nummular dermatitis. Prompt recognition and management of these common childhood eczemas is important to reduce negative physical and psychological consequences.