Eye symptoms are a common presentation in general practice. According to the RCGP, they account for 4 500 000 GP consultations and cost the UK economy £22 billion each year. Both patients and practitioners are understandably anxious about eye problems, as vision is a very delicate and vital sense. In this article we will discuss the most common eyelid disorders, the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and primary care management options. The plethora of overlapping symptoms and aetiologies of eyelid disorders often leads to blanket management plans in general practice and the underlying diagnosis can be mismanaged, leading to persisting problems.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AlamMRatnerD (2001) Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. The New England Journal of Medicine344(13): 975–983. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200103293441306.
2.
Auw-Haedrich C and Reinhard T (2008) Chronic blepharitis: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and new treatment options. In: Reinhard T and Larkin F (eds) Cornea and External Eye Disease. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 185–199.
BrashDERudolphJASimonJA, et al.(1991) A role for sunlight in skin cancer: UV-induced p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA8(22): 10124–10128. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10124.
5.
Damasceno RW, Osaki MH, Dantas PE, et al. (2011) Involutional entropion and ectropion of the lower eyelid: Prevalence and associated risk factors in the elderly population. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 27(5): 317–320. DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3182115229.
Huber-SpitzyVBaumgartnerIBohler-SommereggerK, et al.(1991) Blepharitis—a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. A report on 407 consecutive cases. Graefes Archive for Clinical and Exerimental Ophthalmology229(3): 224–227. DOI: 10.1007/BF00167872.
9.
JonssonASigfiissonN (2017) Significance of xanthelasma palpebrarum in the normal population. The Lancet76: 372.
10.
Jordan GA and Beier K (2019) Chalazion: In: StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing.
11.
LeeSYenMT (2011) Management of preseptal and orbital cellulitis. Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology25(1): 21–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2010.10.004.
12.
LempMABaudouinCBaumJ, et al.(2007) The definition and classification of dry eye disease: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop. The Ocular Surface5(2): 75–92.
13.
LimLTMillerDAh-keeEY, et al.(2015) Preseptal cellulitis or orbital cellulitis?West Indian Medical Journal65(2): 304–307. DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2015.179.
14.
MargoCEWaltzK (1993) Basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid and periocular skin. Survey of Opthalmology38(2): 169–192.
15.
McCulleyJPDoughertyJMDeneauDG (1982) Classification of chronic blepharitis. Ophthlamology89: 1173–1180.
O’CallaghanRJ (2018) The pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus eye infections. Pathogens7(1): 9DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010009.
20.
Ozgur O, Evan J and Kaufman EJ (2019) Ectropion. In StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing.
21.
RashedFCannonAHeatonPA, et al.(2016) Diagnosis, management and treatment of orbital and periorbital cellulitis in children. Emergency Nurse24(1): 30–35; quiz 37. DOI: 10.7748/en.24.1.30.s25.
