Nephrotic syndrome

Abstract

Nephrotic syndrome is characterised by proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema. The renal function is often normal and symptoms may mimic other common pathologies presenting in the community. The underlying aetiology is more heterogenous in adults compared with children, further confounding the diagnostic process and leading to delays in recognition. It is a relatively rare presentation in primary care, but the consequences of nephrotic syndrome can be significant. Complications include hyperlipidaemia, hypercoaguability, increased risk of infection and end-stage renal failure. It is, therefore, important to diagnose, investigate and manage nephrotic syndrome appropriately.